Free ACCA Performance Management Practice Questions & Answers
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Question 181
Price elasticity of demand is INELASTIC when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — PED < 1 in absolute terms — a price change causes a proportionally smaller change in demand
Explanation: B
Question 182
Which of the following costs should be included in a relevant cost analysis for a special order when the business is operating at full capacity?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The variable cost plus the contribution foregone on displaced production (opportunity cost)
Explanation: B
Question 183
Marginal pricing (setting price just above variable cost) is appropriate when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — There is significant spare capacity and the objective is to utilise that capacity or enter a new market
Explanation: B
Question 184
What is a discriminating monopoly (price discrimination)?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A company that charges different prices to different customer groups for the same product based on their different willingness to pay
Explanation: B
Question 185
The shutdown of a product line is financially justified when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The avoidable fixed costs saved from closure exceed the contribution lost
Explanation: B
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When evaluating a decision to make or buy, which of the following is ALWAYS irrelevant?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Allocated fixed overheads that will be incurred regardless of the decision
Explanation: C
Question 187
What is a limiting factor in decision-making?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A resource that is scarce and constrains the level of activity — output is limited by its availability
Explanation: B
Question 188
What is the difference between a variable cost and a marginal cost?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — In many practical contexts they are used interchangeably; marginal cost is the economic concept of cost of one additional unit, while variable cost is the accounting term for costs that change with activity. For many decisions they are equivalent.
Explanation: B
Question 189
Which of the following is a qualitative factor to consider in a make-or-buy decision (beyond the financial calculation)?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The supplier's reliability, quality standards, capacity to meet demand, lead times, and whether reliance on a single external supplier creates strategic vulnerability
Explanation: B
Question 190
What is the difference between a relevant cost and an avoidable cost?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — In practice they are very similar: avoidable costs are future costs that will not be incurred if a particular decision is made; relevant costs are future incremental cash costs that change as a result of a decision. Avoidable costs are a subset of relevant costs.
Explanation: B
Question 191
When the selling division has NO spare capacity and there IS an external market for the transferred goods, the minimum transfer price is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Market price (external selling price)
Explanation: B
Question 192
What is meant by 'full cost-plus pricing' and what is its main limitation?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Setting price equal to total cost (variable + fixed overheads) plus a mark-up; limitation is that it ignores market demand and competitor pricing — there is no guarantee customers will pay a price that covers full cost plus profit
Explanation: B
Question 193
In the context of transfer pricing, what is the maximum transfer price a buying division would accept?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The external market price at which the buying division could obtain the goods from an alternative supplier
Explanation: B
Question 194
Demand: P = 180 - 3Q. Find the MR function.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — MR = 180 - 6Q
Explanation: B
Question 195
Using P = 180 - 3Q and MR = 180 - 6Q, with MC = 30, find profit-maximising output and price.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Q = 25, P = 105
Explanation: B
Question 196
Make-or-buy: making costs 22 variable per unit, fixed overhead 8 (all unavoidable). External price 25. Spare capacity available. Decision?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Make — variable cost of making (22) is less than external price (25), saving 3 per unit
Explanation: B
Question 197
Same as above but no spare capacity — making the component displaces production of another item with contribution of 18 per unit using the same resources. What is the minimum acceptable transfer price?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 40
Explanation: B
Question 198
A joint process costs 120,000 and produces A and B. A: sales value 80,000, further costs 20,000, NRV 60,000. B: sales value 100,000, further costs 15,000, NRV 85,000. Allocate joint costs using NRV method.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A: 49,655; B: 70,345
Explanation: B
Question 199
Should Product A be processed further? At split-off NRV = 40,000. Further processing cost = 12,000. Revenue after further processing = 58,000.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Yes — incremental revenue (18,000) exceeds incremental cost (12,000), net benefit 6,000
Explanation: B
Question 200
A company produces a by-product worth 5,000 at split-off from a joint process costing 100,000. Using the net cost approach, the joint cost charged to the main product is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 95,000
Explanation: B
Question 201
A company charges 120 per unit, variable cost 45, fixed costs 200,000. It is considering reducing price to 100 to increase volume. Currently sales are 5,000 units; at 100 per unit projected sales are 7,000. Should it reduce price?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — No — contribution falls and the volume increase is insufficient to compensate
Explanation: B
Question 202
A company has: demand function P = 300 - 5Q; MC = 50. Find profit-maximising Q and P.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Q = 25, P = 175
Explanation: B
Question 203
A company is considering a special order for 2,000 units at 38/unit. Normal selling price 55; variable cost 30; fixed overhead per unit 12 (unavoidable). The factory has idle capacity of 3,000 units. Accept or reject?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Accept — contribution is 8/unit, generating 16,000 additional contribution with no opportunity cost
Explanation: B
Question 204
A division produces a component (variable cost 40, allocated fixed cost 20 = full cost 60). The external market price for the component is 70. The buying division needs 5,000 units. Current capacity: 80% utilised (production capacity 10,000 units, currently making 8,000 for external sale). Transfer price range?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 40 to 70
Explanation: B
Question 205
A company has joint costs of 200,000. Product M: units 4,000, selling price 40, further costs 8/unit. Product N: units 6,000, selling price 30, further costs 5/unit. Allocate joint costs using net realisable value method.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — M: 88,000; N: 112,000
Explanation: B
Question 206
A company has demand: at price 100, demand = 8,000 units; at price 90, demand = 10,000 units. Calculate price elasticity of demand.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — PED = -2.5
Explanation: A
Question 207
A company receives a special order for 3,000 units at 28 each. Normal price: 45. Variable cost: 22. The company has spare capacity of 2,000 units. Making the additional 1,000 units requires overtime at additional cost of 4 per unit. What is the minimum price the company should charge for the order?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 24 per unit for all 3,000 (weighted minimum)
Explanation: B
Question 208
A department reports a loss of 40,000. Fixed costs allocated to it total 55,000, of which 35,000 is avoidable. The department's contribution is 20,000. Should it close?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Yes — it reports a loss
Explanation: A
Question 209
A business decides to launch a premium version of its product at a higher price while maintaining the standard version. This is known as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Product line pricing or price versioning — pricing multiple versions differently to capture consumer surplus from segments with different willingness to pay
Explanation: B
Question 210
Transfer pricing — negotiated price: Division A (seller) has VC=45, capacity constraint at 10,000 units, currently selling 9,000 externally at 80. Division B needs 2,000 units. What range of transfer prices is acceptable?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — For first 1,000 (spare): 45-80; for next 1,000 (displacing external at 80): minimum=45+(80-45)=80. So for 1,000 spare units range is 45-B's external price; for remaining 1,000: minimum is 80. B will not pay above its external supplier price.
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