Question 1
What is the primary purpose of financial statements?
A. To calculate the tax owed by a business
B. To provide useful financial information to a wide range of users for decision-making
C. To determine the salaries of directors
D. To record only cash transactions
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — To provide useful financial information to a wide range of users for decision-making
Explanation: B
Question 2
Which qualitative characteristic of financial information means it is free from bias and error?
A. Relevance
B. Timeliness
C. Faithful representation
D. Comparability
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Faithful representation
Explanation: C
Question 3
Which of the following best describes the accruals basis of accounting?
A. Revenue is recorded only when cash is received
B. Transactions are recorded when cash is paid or received
C. Income and expenses are recognised in the period they are earned or incurred, not when cash moves
D. Only credit sales are recorded in the income statement
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Income and expenses are recognised in the period they are earned or incurred, not when cash moves
Explanation: C
Question 4
What does the going concern assumption mean in financial reporting?
A. The business expects to make a profit every year
B. The business will continue to operate for the foreseeable future
C. All assets must be shown at market value
D. The business has no outstanding debts
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The business will continue to operate for the foreseeable future
Explanation: B
Question 5
Which financial statement shows a company's financial position at a single point in time?
A. Income statement
B. Statement of cash flows
C. Statement of changes in equity
D. Statement of financial position
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: D — Statement of financial position
Explanation: D
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Question 6
An asset is best defined as:
A. Any item owned by the business
B. A present economic resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events
C. Cash held in the bank only
D. Anything purchased in the current year
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A present economic resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events
Explanation: B
Question 7
A liability is best described as:
A. Any amount owed to a supplier
B. A present obligation of the entity to transfer an economic resource as a result of past events
C. Only bank loans and overdrafts
D. Future costs the business expects to incur
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A present obligation of the entity to transfer an economic resource as a result of past events
Explanation: B
Question 8
Which of the following is an enhancing qualitative characteristic under the Conceptual Framework?
A. Faithful representation
B. Relevance
C. Comparability
D. Materiality
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Comparability
Explanation: C
Question 9
What is equity in the context of a company's balance sheet?
A. The cash the company holds
B. The residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its liabilities
C. The total revenue earned by the company
D. The total long-term borrowings
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its liabilities
Explanation: B
Question 10
What does materiality mean in financial reporting?
A. All information must be disclosed, no matter how small
B. Information is material if omitting or misstating it could influence users' decisions
C. Only figures above a set threshold need reporting
D. The auditor decides what is material based on regulations
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Information is material if omitting or misstating it could influence users' decisions
Explanation: B
Question 11
Which accounting concept requires that a business is treated as separate from its owners for financial reporting purposes?
A. Going concern
B. Accruals
C. Business entity concept
D. Prudence
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Business entity concept
Explanation: C
Question 12
Under the historical cost convention, assets are measured at:
A. Their current market value
B. The amount they could be sold for today
C. Their original purchase price or production cost
D. Their replacement cost
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Their original purchase price or production cost
Explanation: C
Question 13
Which of the following best describes revenue?
A. Cash collected from customers during the year
B. Income arising from the ordinary business activities of the entity
C. Total assets minus total liabilities
D. Profit before tax
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Income arising from the ordinary business activities of the entity
Explanation: B
Question 14
What is gross profit?
A. Revenue minus all expenses
B. Revenue minus cost of goods sold
C. Net profit plus interest expense
D. Total income minus total liabilities
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Revenue minus cost of goods sold
Explanation: B
Question 15
Which of the following is classified as a non-current asset?
A. Inventory held for resale
B. Trade receivables due within 90 days
C. A building owned and used by the business
D. Cash at bank
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — A building owned and used by the business
Explanation: C
Question 16
What are current liabilities?
A. All amounts owed by the business
B. Obligations expected to be settled within twelve months of the reporting date
C. Long-term loans from banks
D. Share capital and retained earnings
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Obligations expected to be settled within twelve months of the reporting date
Explanation: B
Question 17
Which of the following is the correct accounting equation?
A. Assets = Revenue minus Expenses
B. Assets = Liabilities plus Equity
C. Assets = Liabilities minus Equity
D. Equity = Assets plus Liabilities
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Assets = Liabilities plus Equity
Explanation: B
Question 18
Depreciation is best described as:
A. The fall in market value of an asset
B. The cash set aside to replace an asset
C. The systematic allocation of an asset's cost over its useful life
D. The amount needed to repair an asset
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — The systematic allocation of an asset's cost over its useful life
Explanation: C
Question 19
What is the carrying amount of an asset?
A. Its original purchase price
B. Its current market value
C. Cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment
D. The amount for which it could be sold
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment
Explanation: C
Question 20
Which of the following describes retained earnings?
A. Cash available to pay dividends
B. Cumulative net profits kept in the business after dividends are paid
C. Total revenue earned since incorporation
D. Share capital contributed by shareholders
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Cumulative net profits kept in the business after dividends are paid
Explanation: B
Question 21
What is a provision?
A. An amount set aside in cash for future spending
B. A liability of uncertain timing or amount
C. A reserve created from profits
D. Money owed to a known supplier
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A liability of uncertain timing or amount
Explanation: B
Question 22
Which of the following best describes profit for the year?
A. Revenue minus cost of sales only
B. Cash received minus cash paid
C. Revenue minus all expenses for the period
D. Opening equity minus closing equity
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Revenue minus all expenses for the period
Explanation: C
Question 23
What is the depreciable amount of an asset?
A. The full cost of the asset
B. Cost minus accumulated depreciation
C. Cost minus estimated residual value
D. The market value of the asset at year end
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Cost minus estimated residual value
Explanation: C
Question 24
Which of the following is an example of a current asset?
A. Land held for long-term use
B. A factory machine with a 10-year life
C. Trade receivables due within 60 days
D. A 5-year bank loan
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Trade receivables due within 60 days
Explanation: C
Question 25
What does the term fair value mean?
A. The price paid to acquire an asset
B. The price at which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties at arm's length
C. The carrying amount on the balance sheet
D. The replacement cost of an asset
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The price at which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties at arm's length
Explanation: B
Question 26
Which section of the income statement shows profit after deducting all operating expenses but before finance costs and tax?
A. Gross profit
B. Profit before tax
C. Operating profit
D. Net profit
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Operating profit
Explanation: C
Question 27
What is the difference between a cash flow statement prepared under the direct method versus the indirect method?
A. The direct method starts with profit; the indirect method shows actual cash receipts and payments
B. The direct method shows actual cash receipts and payments; the indirect method starts with profit and adjusts for non-cash items
C. They produce different net cash flow figures
D. The direct method is required by all accounting standards
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The direct method shows actual cash receipts and payments; the indirect method starts with profit and adjusts for non-cash items
Explanation: B
Question 28
Which of the following items should NOT be included in operating profit?
A. Revenue from sales
B. Cost of goods sold
C. Gain on sale of a subsidiary
D. Distribution costs
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Gain on sale of a subsidiary
Explanation: C
Question 29
Which of the following is an example of an accounting policy?
A. The estimated useful life of a machine
B. The choice between cost model and revaluation model for property, plant and equipment
C. The estimated warranty provision percentage
D. The useful life of software
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The choice between cost model and revaluation model for property, plant and equipment
Explanation: B
Question 30
What is the purpose of an audit of financial statements?
A. To prepare the financial statements on behalf of management
B. To provide an independent opinion on whether financial statements give a true and fair view
C. To guarantee the financial statements contain no errors
D. To calculate the company's tax liability
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — To provide an independent opinion on whether financial statements give a true and fair view
Explanation: B
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