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Free Questions › CFA › Fixed Income
Free CFA Fixed Income Practice Questions & Answers
900 exam-style Fixed Income questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 211
A securitization waterfall determines:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Order of cash flow allocation
Explanation: Waterfall rules specify priority of payments.
Question 212
A tranche with subordination benefits from:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher credit enhancement
Explanation: Subordination protects senior tranches from losses.
Question 213
A callable bond is most likely to be called when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Yields fall
Explanation: Issuer refinances at lower rates.
Question 214
Risky Bond Valuation Expected loss equals
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — PD × LGD
Explanation: Expected loss = probability of default × loss given default.
Question 215
A risky bond’s price is lower than an identical risk-free bond because
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Expected loss from default
Explanation: Credit risk reduces PV of expected cash flows.
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Question 216
Credit Curves A downward-sloping credit spread curve indicates
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher near-term credit risk
Explanation: Near-term stress increases short-maturity spreads.
Question 217
A steepening credit curve most likely reflects
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Worsening long-term fundamentals
Explanation: Higher long-term spreads → higher long-term credit risk.
Question 218
Hazard Rates The hazard rate is
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Conditional PD given survival
Explanation: Hazard rate = PD conditional on no prior default.
Question 219
CDS Pricing A CDS spread increases when
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Probability of default increases
Explanation: CDS spread ≈ PD × LGD.
Question 220
In a CDS, the protection seller
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Receives premiums
Explanation: Seller receives premiums and pays if a credit event occurs.
Question 221
A CDS with physical settlement requires
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Delivery of defaulted bonds
Explanation: Buyer delivers defaulted obligation; seller pays par.
Question 222
Securitization A key benefit of securitization for issuers is
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Off-balance-sheet financing
Explanation: SPV isolates assets, reducing issuer balance-sheet usage.
Question 223
A support tranche in a CMO
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Absorbs prepayment variability
Explanation: Support tranches protect PAC tranches.
Question 224
A PAC tranche is most stable when
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Prepayments fall within the collar
Explanation: PAC stability depends on prepayments staying within the band.
Question 225
TED Spread The TED spread measures
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Interbank credit risk
Explanation: TED = interbank rate − T-bill rate.
Question 226
The TED spread measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Interbank credit risk
Explanation: TED = interbank rate − T-bill rate.
Question 227
The credit triangle formula expresses:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Spread = PD × LGD
Explanation: Credit spread approximates expected loss per unit exposure.
Question 228
The expected exposure (EE) in credit valuation is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Expected value of exposure at future time
Explanation: EE is the expected future exposure under default scenarios.
Question 229
The credit valuation adjustment (CVA) equals:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — PV of expected loss
Explanation: CVA = discounted expected loss from counterparty default.
Question 230
The liquidity premium in yields compensates investors for:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Difficulty trading the bond quickly at fair value
Explanation: Illiquid bonds require higher yields.
Question 231
The credit triangle formula is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Spread = PD × LGD
Explanation: Spread approximates expected loss.
Question 232
The hazard rate is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Conditional PD given survival
Explanation: Hazard = instantaneous conditional default probability.
Question 233
The expected loss (EL) formula is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — PD × LGD × EAD
Explanation: Expected loss = probability × severity × exposure.
Question 234
The CVA (credit valuation adjustment) equals:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — PV of expected loss
Explanation: CVA = discounted expected loss from counterparty default.
Question 235
The Monte Carlo valuation formula for expected price is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Average of discounted cash flows across simulated paths
Explanation: Monte Carlo uses average PV across many simulated rate paths.
Question 236
The hazard rate ( h_t ) is related to survival probability ( S_t ) by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — ( S_t = e^{-h_t t} )
Explanation: Exponential survival under constant hazard.
Question 237
The default probability over period ( t ) is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — ( PD_t = 1 - e^{-h_t t} )
Explanation: PD = 1 − survival.
Question 238
The expected loss is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — ( EL = PD \times LGD \times EAD )
Explanation: Standard credit risk formula.
Question 239
The CDS spread under the credit triangle is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — ( Spread = PD \times LGD )
Explanation: Approximation for small PD.
Question 240
The CDS premium leg PV is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — ( PV_{prem} = Spread \times \sum S_t \times DF_t )
Explanation: Premium paid only while reference entity survives.
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