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Free CFA Economics Practice Questions & Answers
200 exam-style Economics questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 1
A dealer quotes GBP/USD at 1.2800 / 1.2806. What does 1.2806 represent?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The price at which the dealer sells GBP
Explanation: B is correct: The ask (offer) is the price at which the dealer sells the base currency (GBP). A is wrong: The dealer buys GBP at the bid (1.2800). C is wrong: The mid‑rate = (1.2800 + 1.2806)/2, not 1.2806. D is wrong: The spread is 0.0006, not 1.2806.
Question 2
A currency pair’s bid–ask spread widens sharply. What is the most likely cause?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Dealers reducing risk exposure
Explanation: C is correct: Dealers widen spreads when uncertainty rises and they want compensation for risk. A is wrong: Higher liquidity narrows spreads. B is wrong: Lower volatility narrows spreads. D is wrong: Higher volume usually narrows spreads.
Question 3
A client “hits the bid” in EUR/JPY. What did they do?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Sold EUR at the bid
Explanation: B is correct: “Hitting the bid” means selling the base currency (EUR) at the bid price. A is wrong: Buying uses the ask. C and D are wrong: Both involve the ask side, not the bid.
Question 4
Which factor most reliably narrows bid–ask spreads?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — High dealer competition
Explanation: B is correct: More competition → tighter spreads. A is wrong: Low liquidity widens spreads. C is wrong: Risk widens spreads. D is wrong: Large trades widen spreads because they are harder to hedge.
Question 5
A dealer quotes USD/CAD at 1.3500 / 1.3510. What is the spread in pips?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 10 pips
Explanation: Spread = 1.3510 − 1.3500 = 0.0010 = 10 pips. Other answers are incorrect because they miscalculate the difference.
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Question 6
You observe: EUR/USD = 1.2000, USD/JPY = 150, EUR/JPY = 180. Is there an arbitrage?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — No arbitrage
Explanation: Implied EUR/JPY = 1.2000 × 150 = 180. Actual = 180 → perfectly aligned → no arbitrage. A and B are wrong because there is no mispricing. D is wrong: arbitrage can exist even with spreads; spreads just reduce profit.
Question 7
Triangular arbitrage becomes impossible when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Bid–ask spreads eliminate profit
Explanation: B is correct: Even if theoretical arbitrage exists, spreads can remove profit. A is wrong: Equal cross‑rates simply mean no mispricing. C is wrong: Pegs do not eliminate arbitrage opportunities. D is wrong: Arbitrage can occur across time zones.
Question 8
If EUR/USD × USD/CHF ≠ EUR/CHF, what exists?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Triangular arbitrage
Explanation: C is correct: A mismatch between implied and actual cross‑rates → triangular arbitrage. A, B, D are unrelated to cross‑rate inconsistencies.
Question 9
Arbitrageurs profit by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Exploiting temporary price inconsistencies
Explanation: B is correct: Arbitrage is about exploiting mispricing, not forecasting. A, C, D involve speculation, not arbitrage.
Question 10
Triangular arbitrage requires:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Simultaneous execution
Explanation: B is correct: All legs must be executed instantly to avoid price changes. A is wrong: Spot markets are sufficient. C is wrong: Arbitrage is market‑driven, not regulated. D is wrong: Small capital can arbitrage too.
Question 11
If the forward rate of GBP/USD is higher than the spot rate, GBP is trading at:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A forward premium
Explanation: B is correct: Forward > spot → base currency at a premium. A is wrong: A discount occurs when forward < spot. C/D do not describe this relationship.
Question 12
A forward premium most likely reflects:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher interest rates in the base currency
Explanation: A is correct: Higher interest rates in the base currency → forward premium. B is wrong: Higher price‑currency rates → forward discount. C/D do not determine forward premiums.
Question 13
If domestic interest rates rise relative to foreign rates, the domestic currency’s forward value will:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Fall
Explanation: B is correct: Higher domestic rates → domestic currency trades at a forward discount. A is wrong: It does not rise; it falls. C/D contradict interest parity.
Question 14
A forward contract’s value at initiation is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Zero
Explanation: C is correct: For both parties, the contract is priced so initial value = 0. A/B are wrong because neither side pays upfront. D is wrong: forward ≠ spot.
Question 15
Covered interest parity holds when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Forward rate eliminates arbitrage
Explanation: A is correct: CIP ensures no arbitrage between spot, forward, and interest rates. B is wrong: Spot = forward only if rates are equal. C is irrelevant. D usually breaks CIP.
Question 16
Uncovered interest parity differs from covered interest parity because it:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Uses expected future spot rates
Explanation: C is correct: UIP uses expected future spot, not forward. A describes CIP. B is wrong: UIP involves risk. D is wrong: UIP is unhedged.
Question 17
If uncovered interest parity holds, the currency with the higher interest rate should:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Depreciate
Explanation: B is correct: Higher interest rate → expected depreciation. A is opposite of UIP. C/D do not follow UIP logic.
Question 18
Deviations from uncovered interest parity explain:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Carry trade profits
Explanation: A is correct: Carry trades profit when UIP fails. B, C, D are unrelated.
Question 19
Covered interest parity fails most often when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Capital controls exist
Explanation: A is correct: Controls prevent free arbitrage → CIP breaks. B, C, D do not directly affect CIP.
Question 20
PPP suggests that currencies adjust to offset differences in:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Inflation
Explanation: B is correct: PPP links exchange rates to inflation differences. A, C, D relate to other models.
Question 21
PPP is most reliable when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Goods are highly tradable
Explanation: A is correct: Tradable goods allow price equalization. B weakens PPP. C affects capital flows, not goods prices. D prevents market‑driven adjustments.
Question 22
A country with higher inflation should see its currency:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Depreciate
Explanation: B is correct: Higher inflation → weaker currency under PPP. A is opposite. C only applies under a peg. D is unrelated.
Question 23
PPP tends to fail in the short run because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Prices adjust slowly
Explanation: A is correct: Sticky prices prevent immediate PPP alignment. B, C, D may matter but are not the primary reason.
Question 24
If PPP holds, the real exchange rate should be:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Constant
Explanation: A is correct: PPP implies real exchange rate stability. B/C imply deviations. D contradicts PPP.
Question 25
A forward contract on USD/CHF becomes more valuable to the buyer when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The spot rate rises above the forward rate
Explanation: B is correct: If spot > forward, the buyer can buy at the cheaper forward price → gain. A is wrong: Spot < forward benefits the seller. C is wrong: Interest rates affect pricing, not mark‑to‑market direction. D is wrong: Time passing doesn’t determine gain/loss; price movements do.
Question 26
A forward contract’s value becomes positive for the seller when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The spot rate falls
Explanation: B is correct: Seller benefits when spot < forward (they sell at a higher locked‑in price). A is wrong: Rising spot benefits the buyer. C affects pricing at initiation, not MTM value. D does not determine gain/loss.
Question 27
If the domestic interest rate rises while the foreign rate stays constant, the domestic currency’s forward value will:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Decrease
Explanation: B is correct: Higher domestic rates → domestic currency trades at a forward discount. A is opposite. C/D contradict interest parity.
Question 28
A forward contract is fairly priced when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Its value is zero at initiation
Explanation: A is correct: Fair pricing means no upfront gain/loss. B is wrong: forward ≠ expected spot. C is wrong unless interest rates are equal. D is impossible — both cannot profit simultaneously.
Question 29
Covered interest parity ensures that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Hedged returns across countries are equal
Explanation: B is correct: CIP equalizes hedged returns. A is UIP logic. C is wrong: unhedged returns differ. D is unrelated.
Question 30
Uncovered interest parity assumes investors:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Are risk‑neutral
Explanation: A is correct: UIP requires risk‑neutrality to equate expected returns. B contradicts “uncovered.” C is irrelevant. D is wrong: expected FX changes are central to UIP.
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