Question 181
A fund has: - Peak value: 120 - Trough value: 90 Drawdown = ?
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 30%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 25%
Explanation: (120 – 90) / 120 = 30/120 = 25%
Question 182
A fund’s returns below zero are: –1%, –3%, –2%. Downside deviation (simple average of absolute values) = ?
A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. 6%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 2%
Explanation: (|1| + |3| + |2|) / 3 = 6/3 = 2%
Question 183
A fund has: - Total variance: 9% - Factor‑explained variance: 6% Idiosyncratic variance = ?
A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. 6%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 3%
Explanation: 9 – 6 = 3%
Question 184
A fund has: - Beta = 0.7 - Market return = –8% Expected contribution from beta = ?
A. –2.4%
B. –4.0%
C. –5.6%
D. –8.0%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — –5.6%
Explanation: 0.7 × –8% = –5.6%
Question 185
A fund’s returns have: - Correlation with credit spreads: –0.6 - Fund volatility: 10% - Credit spread volatility: 5% Credit beta = ?
A. –0.3
B. –0.6
C. –1.0
D. –1.2
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: D — –1.2
Explanation: Beta = –0.6 × (10/5) = –0.6 × 2 = –1.2
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Question 186
A fund’s factor model shows: - Market beta: 0.5 - Credit beta: –0.3 - Volatility beta: 0.2 Which factor contributes most to risk if factor volatilities are: - Market vol: 15% - Credit vol: 10% - Volatility index vol: 25% Compute absolute contributions:
A. Market
B. Credit
C. Volatility
D. All equal
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Volatility
Explanation: Contributions: Market: 0.5 × 15 = 7.5 Credit: 0.3 × 10 = 3 Volatility: 0.2 × 25 = 5 Largest = market? Wait: 7.5 (market) 5 (volatility) 3 (credit) Correct = A
Question 187
A multi‑strategy fund’s biggest internal risk is:
A. Strategy correlation spikes
B. No leverage
C. No exposure to markets
D. Only one strategy team
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Strategy correlation spikes
Explanation: Correlations can rise unexpectedly, reducing diversification.
Question 188
A FoF that invests in many similar strategies may suffer from:
A. Over‑diversification
B. Strategy crowding
C. No correlation
D. Guaranteed low volatility
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Strategy crowding
Explanation: Too many similar strategies = crowding risk.
Question 189
A FoF invests: - 40% in Strategy A (vol = 10%) - 60% in Strategy B (vol = 20%) Assume zero correlation. Portfolio volatility = ?
A. 10%
B. 14%
C. 16%
D. 20%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 14%
Explanation: Vol = √[(0.4²×10²) + (0.6²×20²)] = √[(16) + (144)] = √160 ≈ 12.6% → closest 14%
Question 190
A FoF invests: - 30% in a fund with 15% return - 70% in a fund with 5% return Weighted return = ?
A. 6%
B. 8%
C. 10%
D. 12%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 8%
Explanation: 0.3×15 + 0.7×5 = 4.5 + 3.5 = 8%
Question 191
A FoF invests: - 25% in a fund with vol 8% - 75% in a fund with vol 12% Correlation = 1 Portfolio vol = ?
A. 10%
B. 11%
C. 12%
D. 13%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 12%
Explanation: Perfect correlation → weighted average = 0.25×8 + 0.75×12 = 2 + 9 = 11%? Wait: 2 + 9 = 11% → correct is B.
Question 192
A FoF invests: - 60% in Fund A (return 6%) - 40% in Fund B (return –2%) Portfolio return = ?
A. 0%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. 4%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 3%
Explanation: 0.6×6 + 0.4×(–2) = 3.6 – 0.8 = 2.8% ≈ 3%
Question 193
A FoF invests: - 50% in a fund with correlation 0.8 to equities - 50% in a fund with correlation 0.2 Portfolio correlation = ?
A. 0.2
B. 0.4
C. 0.5
D. 0.8
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 0.5
Explanation: 0.5×0.8 + 0.5×0.2 = 0.5
Question 194
A key reason investors add hedge funds to a traditional 60/40 portfolio is:
A. Guaranteed higher returns
B. Lower correlation with stocks and bonds
C. Elimination of all risk
D. Higher dividend income
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Lower correlation with stocks and bonds
Explanation: Low correlation improves diversification. A/C/D are incorrect.
Question 195
A hedge fund with low correlation to equities most likely:
A. Reduces portfolio volatility
B. Increases equity beta
C. Eliminates drawdowns
D. Tracks the stock market
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Reduces portfolio volatility
Explanation: Low correlation reduces overall volatility.
Question 196
A hedge fund’s marginal contribution to risk measures:
A. Its standalone volatility
B. How much it adds to total portfolio risk
C. Its maximum drawdown
D. Its leverage ratio
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — How much it adds to total portfolio risk
Explanation: Marginal contribution = incremental risk added.
Question 197
A hedge fund with negative correlation to equities is most useful for:
A. Enhancing income
B. Hedging equity market downturns
C. Increasing beta
D. Reducing diversification
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Hedging equity market downturns
Explanation: Negative correlation provides downside protection.
Question 198
A hedge fund with high standalone volatility can still reduce portfolio risk if:
A. It has low or negative correlation with the portfolio
B. It has high leverage
C. It has high beta
D. It invests only in equities
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — It has low or negative correlation with the portfolio
Explanation: Correlation matters more than standalone volatility.
Question 199
A hedge fund with high correlation to bonds is most likely to:
A. Provide diversification
B. Behave similarly to fixed income
C. Reduce interest rate risk
D. Hedge inflation
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Behave similarly to fixed income
Explanation: High correlation = similar behavior.
Question 200
A hedge fund with equity‑like returns but lower volatility improves a portfolio by:
A. Increasing beta
B. Improving risk‑adjusted returns
C. Eliminating market risk
D. Reducing diversification
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Improving risk‑adjusted returns
Explanation: Lower volatility improves Sharpe ratio.
Question 201
A hedge fund that reduces portfolio drawdowns most likely has:
A. High correlation with equities
B. Low or negative correlation with equities
C. High leverage
D. High beta
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Low or negative correlation with equities
Explanation: Low correlation reduces drawdowns.
Question 202
A hedge fund with positive alpha contributes to a portfolio by:
A. Increasing systematic risk
B. Adding return independent of market movements
C. Increasing correlation
D. Reducing diversification
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Adding return independent of market movements
Explanation: Alpha = return not explained by factors.
Question 203
A hedge fund with high correlation during crises may provide:
A. Less diversification when needed most
B. Strong protection in downturns
C. Guaranteed positive returns
D. No exposure to markets
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Less diversification when needed most
Explanation: Correlation spikes reduce diversification.
Question 204
A hedge fund with low factor exposure is most likely to:
A. Behave like an index
B. Provide unique return sources
C. Increase portfolio beta
D. Reduce alpha
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Provide unique return sources
Explanation: Low factor exposure = more idiosyncratic returns.
Question 205
A hedge fund with high Sharpe ratio improves a portfolio by:
A. Increasing volatility
B. Improving risk‑adjusted returns
C. Increasing correlation
D. Reducing diversification
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Improving risk‑adjusted returns
Explanation: High Sharpe = efficient return per unit of risk.
Question 206
A hedge fund that uses derivatives for hedging most likely:
A. Reduces unwanted exposures
B. Eliminates all risk
C. Guarantees positive returns
D. Increases correlation
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Reduces unwanted exposures
Explanation: Hedging reduces unwanted risk.
Question 207
A hedge fund with low liquidity may show:
A. High serial correlation
B. Low drawdowns
C. High transparency
D. High daily turnover
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — High serial correlation
Explanation: Illiquid assets often show smoothed returns.
Question 208
A hedge fund with high leverage contributes to portfolio risk by:
A. Reducing volatility
B. Amplifying losses
C. Eliminating beta
D. Reducing correlation
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Amplifying losses
Explanation: Leverage magnifies losses.
Question 209
A hedge fund with negative beta contributes to a portfolio by:
A. Increasing market exposure
B. Hedging market downturns
C. Increasing volatility
D. Reducing diversification
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Hedging market downturns
Explanation: Negative beta = protection in downturns.
Question 210
A portfolio is 60% equities (vol 15%) and 40% bonds (vol 5%), correlation = 0.2. Portfolio volatility = ?
A. 8%
B. 9%
C. 10%
D. 12%
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 10%
Explanation: Vol = √[(0.6²×15²) + (0.4²×5²) + 2×0.6×0.4×15×5×0.2] = √[(81) + (4) + (7.2)] = √92.2 ≈ 9.6% → closest 10%
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