Free ACCA Performance Management Practice Questions & Answers
400 exam-style Performance Management questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
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Question 301
Which of the following is a leading indicator of future financial performance?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Number of new products in the development pipeline
Explanation: C
Question 302
What is the purpose of a Key Performance Indicator (KPI)?
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Correct answer: B — To measure performance against critical success factors linked to strategic objectives
Explanation: B
Question 303
Which of the following best describes a lagging indicator?
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Correct answer: B — A measure of past performance — it tells you what has already happened
Explanation: B
Question 304
Balanced Scorecard measures in the learning and growth perspective typically include:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Employee training hours, staff retention, and succession pipeline strength
Explanation: C
Question 305
What does a Net Promoter Score (NPS) measure?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The likelihood that customers will recommend the company to others, calculated as % promoters minus % detractors
Explanation: B
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What distinguishes external failure costs in environmental management accounting from internal failure costs?
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Correct answer: B — External failure costs arise when environmental harm reaches the outside world (e.g., river pollution fines, remediation costs, reputational damage); internal failure costs are environmental inefficiencies caught internally (e.g., waste disposal costs, energy waste)
Explanation: B
Question 307
What is a critical success factor (CSF)?
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Correct answer: B — The key areas where the business must perform well to achieve its strategic objectives
Explanation: B
Question 308
The customer perspective of the Balanced Scorecard typically measures:
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Correct answer: B — Outcomes from the customer's viewpoint — satisfaction, loyalty, retention, acquisition and market share
Explanation: B
Question 309
What does the term 'performance management' encompass?
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Correct answer: B — The processes by which organisations set objectives, measure performance, evaluate results and take corrective action to improve future performance — including both financial and non-financial dimensions
Explanation: B
Question 310
Which of the following is a measure associated with the 'innovation and learning' perspective (learning and growth) of the Balanced Scorecard?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Number of new products successfully launched in the period
Explanation: C
Question 311
Which of the following is TRUE about the Balanced Scorecard?
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Correct answer: C — It links non-financial performance measures to financial outcomes through a cause-and-effect logic, applicable to organisations of any size or sector
Explanation: C
Question 312
What is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness in performance management?
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Correct answer: B — Efficiency measures output per unit of input (doing things right); effectiveness measures whether objectives are achieved (doing the right things)
Explanation: B
Question 313
What does ROI stand for and how is it calculated at divisional level?
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Correct answer: B — Return on investment = Divisional profit / Divisional net assets (capital employed)
Explanation: B
Question 314
Map these measures to BSC perspectives: (1) Revenue per customer; (2) Defect rate per 1,000 units; (3) Employee training hours; (4) Customer churn rate.
A service business uses Fitzgerald and Moon's building blocks. Which block ensures performance measures are fair and within managers' control?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Standards — specifically the ownership and equity criteria for target-setting
Explanation: B
Question 316
Economic Value Added (EVA) = NOPAT - (Capital employed x WACC). A company: NOPAT 800,000; Capital 5,000,000; WACC 14%. Calculate EVA.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — 100,000
Explanation: A
Question 317
Triple bottom line (TBL) reporting covers:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Financial profit, social impact (People) and environmental impact (Planet)
Explanation: B
Question 318
A company uses benchmarking. Internal benchmarking compares:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Performance between different departments or divisions within the same organisation
Explanation: B
Question 319
A retailer measures same-store sales growth, basket size, footfall, conversion rate, and Net Promoter Score. Which of these are leading indicators of future financial performance?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Footfall and conversion rate — they predict potential future sales before they are realised
Explanation: B
Question 320
A company tracks: staff turnover (15%), training hours per employee (30 hrs/yr), internal promotion rate (40%), and innovation pipeline (8 new products in development). Which BSC perspective do these belong to and what risk does a deterioration in these metrics signal?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Learning and growth perspective — deterioration signals erosion of the capability base needed to sustain future performance in all other perspectives
Explanation: B
Question 321
What is the main limitation of return on investment (ROI) as a divisional performance measure?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — It can encourage dysfunctional behaviour: managers may reject value-creating investments that dilute divisional ROI, or defer asset replacement to maintain a high ROI from fully-depreciated assets
Explanation: B
Question 322
A professional services firm measures: billable hours per consultant (utilisation rate), client satisfaction score, staff retention rate, and revenue per client. Map to BSC and identify which is most critical for long-run financial performance.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Billable hours (financial/internal process), client satisfaction (customer), staff retention (learning and growth), revenue per client (financial). Staff retention is most critical long-run — retaining skilled staff drives all other dimensions
Explanation: B
Question 323
A company improves customer satisfaction scores from 72% to 85% over two years. Revenue grows 8%. The relationship between customer satisfaction and revenue growth illustrates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A potential leading indicator relationship, where improved customer satisfaction may predict future revenue retention and growth, though many other factors also influence revenue
Explanation: B
Question 324
A company introduces an annual pay-for-performance scheme: managers receive a 20% bonus if they hit annual profit targets. After two years, maintenance spending falls 40%, customer complaints rise 30%, and employee training halves. Explain the likely cause.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The bonus scheme is creating short-termist behaviour: managers are cutting maintenance, training and service investment to boost short-term profit and earn the bonus, while damaging the organisation's long-term capability and customer relationships
Explanation: B
Question 325
What is functional benchmarking?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Comparing a specific process or activity with the best performer in that activity in any industry, regardless of sector
Explanation: B
Question 326
A retailer tracks: Net Promoter Score (NPS), average basket size, store conversion rate, repeat purchase rate, and returns rate. Which of these is most likely a leading indicator of revenue growth?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — NPS and repeat purchase rate — satisfied customers who return are the best predictor of future revenue sustainability
Explanation: B
Question 327
A company measures employee absenteeism rate (currently 6.5% vs industry average 3.2%). Interpret this metric and suggest implications.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Absenteeism at 6.5% is double the industry average, signalling potential issues with employee wellbeing, engagement, management quality or working conditions. This is a learning and growth warning indicator that may be driving higher costs (overtime, agency staff) and lower service quality
Explanation: B
Question 328
A hospital's performance data: Cost per patient 2,800 (below national average 3,100 — good economy); patients treated per nurse per day 12 (above national average 8 — good efficiency); readmission within 30 days 22% (national average 11% — poor effectiveness). Evaluate overall VFM.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Poor VFM overall: while economy and efficiency are strong, effectiveness is severely below average. Twice the national readmission rate suggests patients are not being adequately treated or discharged too early to reduce costs. Good VFM requires all three Es — a hospital that treats patients cheaply and quickly but leaves them sicker has not achieved its core purpose
Explanation: B
Question 329
A manufacturing company tracks: on-time delivery rate, first-pass yield, machine downtime rate, and customer complaint rate. These belong to which BSC perspective?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Internal business process
Explanation: C
Question 330
A company monitors its carbon emissions alongside financial performance. Emissions have fallen 25% over three years while production rose 10%. Interpret this.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Emissions intensity (carbon per unit of output) has improved significantly — a 25% absolute fall while output grew 10% means carbon per unit fell by more than 25%. This is a strong sustainability performance signal that may reduce regulatory risk, improve ESG ratings, attract green-conscious customers and reduce future carbon pricing exposure
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