Free FRM Quantitative Analysis Practice Questions & Answers
400 exam-style Quantitative Analysis questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
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Question 211
A par bond has:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A coupon rate equal to its yield to maturity, pricing it at exactly face value
Explanation: B
Question 212
A callable bond gives the issuer the right to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Buy back (redeem) the bond from investors at a specified price before maturity
Explanation: B
Question 213
A government bond is typically considered a risk-free instrument because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The government can print currency to meet obligations (for domestic currency debt), making default risk negligible, though it does carry interest rate risk
Explanation: B
Question 214
A fixed-rate bond's price falls when market interest rates rise because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The bond's fixed cash flows are now discounted at a higher rate, reducing their present value
Explanation: B
Question 215
The yield curve (term structure of interest rates) most commonly shows:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — An upward-sloping shape in normal economic conditions, with long-term rates exceeding short-term rates
Explanation: B
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Correct answer: B — The date on which the issuer must repay the principal (face value) to bondholders
Explanation: B
Question 217
Coupon stripping involves:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Separating the principal and individual coupon payments of a Treasury bond, then selling them as separate zero-coupon instruments (STRIPS — Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities)
Explanation: B
Question 218
The face value (par value) of a bond is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The amount the issuer promises to repay at maturity, typically $1,000 for corporate bonds
Explanation: B
Question 219
A Treasury Inflation-Protected Security (TIPS) provides inflation protection by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Adjusting the principal upward with inflation (CPI) and paying a real coupon on the adjusted principal, so that both principal and coupon payments increase with inflation
Explanation: B
Question 220
The current yield of a bond is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Annual coupon payment divided by current market price — a simpler but less complete measure than YTM
Explanation: B
Question 221
Bond duration increases when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The yield to maturity decreases (prices are more sensitive to rate changes at lower yields)
Explanation: B
Question 222
Interest rate risk is highest for bonds with:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Long maturities and low coupons — these have the highest duration and greatest price sensitivity to rate changes
Explanation: B
Question 223
A callable bond offers investors:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher yield than an equivalent non-callable bond — compensation for the call option granted to the issuer which limits price appreciation
Explanation: B
Question 224
Yield to call (YTC) is relevant for:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Callable bonds — it measures the return assuming the bond is called on the earliest call date at the call price, reflecting the return in the most common callable bond scenario
Explanation: B
Question 225
A bond with modified duration 7 and convexity 60 has a yield that increases by 50 basis points. The approximate percentage price change is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A decrease of 3.425%
Explanation: B
Question 226
The term structure of interest rates (yield curve) can slope upward because of:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — All three: expectations of rising rates, liquidity premium, and market segmentation
Explanation: A
Question 227
The key rate duration at maturity T measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The bond's price sensitivity to a change in the yield at one specific maturity point on the curve, holding all other rates constant
Explanation: B
Question 228
A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is exposed to prepayment risk because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Mortgagors may repay their loans early, especially when interest rates fall, reducing the expected cash flows and duration of the MBS
Explanation: B
Question 229
Dollar duration (DV01) of a bond is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The change in bond price (in dollars) for a one basis point change in yield
Explanation: B
Question 230
The credit spread on a corporate bond equals:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The difference between the bond's YTM and the yield on a comparable maturity government bond
Explanation: B
Question 231
In a bond portfolio, the immunisation strategy seeks to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Match the portfolio's duration to the investment horizon to protect against interest rate risk
Explanation: B
Question 232
The option-adjusted spread (OAS) of a callable bond is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The spread over the benchmark after removing the embedded option value, representing the pure credit/liquidity compensation
Explanation: B
Question 233
The effective duration of a callable bond is less than that of an equivalent non-callable bond because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — When yields fall, the issuer is likely to call the bond, limiting price appreciation and reducing the bond's effective sensitivity to rate changes
Explanation: B
Question 234
When the yield curve inverts (short rates exceed long rates), it historically has signalled:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A high probability of economic recession in the following 12-18 months
Explanation: B
Question 235
Negative convexity in MBS occurs because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — When interest rates fall, prepayments accelerate, returning principal to investors at a time when reinvestment rates are low, capping price appreciation
Explanation: B
Question 236
The price of a zero-coupon bond with face value F, maturity T years, spot rate r (continuously compounded) is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: D — Options B and C are both correct depending on the compounding convention
Explanation: D
Question 237
Duration-based hedging of a bond portfolio against interest rate risk uses:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Interest rate futures or interest rate swaps, sizing the hedge based on matching dollar durations
Explanation: B
Question 238
Accrued interest on a bond is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — The interest earned since the last coupon payment date that must be paid by the bond buyer to the seller
Explanation: A
Question 239
The bootstrap method for constructing a spot rate curve involves:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Sequentially extracting zero-coupon rates from coupon-bearing bond prices, starting from the shortest maturity and building up the curve step by step
Explanation: B
Question 240
A basis swap exchanges:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Two different floating rate indices (e.g., 3-month SOFR vs 6-month SOFR), with the spread between them reflecting relative supply/demand in each tenor
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