Free FRM Quantitative Analysis Practice Questions & Answers
400 exam-style Quantitative Analysis questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
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Question 391
The relationship between local volatility and implied volatility in the Dupire framework is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Local volatility σ_L(S,T) is calibrated from the implied volatility surface to produce a model consistent with all observed option prices simultaneously, with local vol ≈ 2× the slope of implied vol with respect to maturity at a given strike
Explanation: B
Question 392
The Heston stochastic volatility model captures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Random volatility that follows a mean-reverting square-root (CIR) process, with correlation between the volatility process and the stock price process generating an implied volatility skew
Explanation: B
Question 393
Dupire's local volatility model assumes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The underlying follows a diffusion process where volatility is a deterministic function of the current asset price and time: dS/S = μ dt + σ(S,t) dW, calibrated to match all observed option prices simultaneously
Explanation: B
Question 394
The Breeden-Litzenberger formula shows that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The second derivative of call price with respect to strike equals the risk-neutral probability density: f(K) = e^{rT} × ∂²C/∂K², allowing extraction of the entire risk-neutral distribution from option prices
Correct answer: B — Adding Poisson jumps to the geometric Brownian motion, allowing for sudden large price moves that create fat tails and better match observed return distributions and short-dated implied volatility smiles
Explanation: B
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Correct answer: B — A model-free estimate of expected 30-day implied volatility of the S&P 500, computed from a weighted portfolio of near-term and next-term OTM options prices using the variance swap replication formula
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