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Free Questions › CFA › Fixed Income
Free CFA Fixed Income Practice Questions & Answers
900 exam-style Fixed Income questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 61
A bull flattening occurs when
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Long rates fall faster than short rates
Explanation: Bull = yields falling; flattening = long end falling more.
Question 62
Floating-Rate Structures A floored FRN benefits the investor when
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Correct answer: B — Rates fall
Explanation: Floor protects coupon when rates fall.
Question 63
A capped FRN limits
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Correct answer: B — Maximum coupon
Explanation: Cap prevents coupon from exceeding a maximum.
Question 64
Swap Curve The swap spread is
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Correct answer: A — Swap fixed rate minus government yield
Explanation: Swap spread = fixed swap rate − government yield.
Question 65
Bootstrapping Bootstrapping spot rates requires
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Par yields and earlier spot rates
Explanation: Bootstrapping uses par yields and previously derived spot rates.
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Question 66
Monte Carlo Simulation Monte Carlo valuation is required when
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Correct answer: B — Cash flows are path-dependent
Explanation: Path-dependent cash flows (e.g., MBS) require simulation.
Question 67
The Fisher equation links nominal and real rates as:
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Correct answer: B — Nominal = Real + Inflation + (Real × Inflation)
Explanation: Exact Fisher relation: Nominal ≈ Real + Inflation + (Real × Inflation).
Question 68
The forward price of a zero-coupon bond is computed using:
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Correct answer: C — Discount factors
Explanation: Forward price = DF(long maturity) ÷ DF(short maturity).
Question 69
The yield spread decomposition for corporate bonds includes:
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Correct answer: A — Liquidity, tax, and credit components
Explanation: Corporate spreads reflect credit, liquidity, and tax differences.
Question 70
The effective annual yield (EAY) is calculated from a periodic rate as:
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Correct answer: A — (1 + r/m)^m − 1
Explanation: EAY converts periodic compounding to an annualized basis.
Question 71
The bond equivalent yield (BEY) is used primarily for:
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Correct answer: C — Money market instruments
Explanation: BEY annualizes money market yields to a semiannual bond basis.
Question 72
The discount margin of a floating-rate note measures:
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Correct answer: B — Spread over the reference rate that equates price to par
Explanation: Discount margin = constant spread added to reference rate to price FRN at market value.
Question 73
The yield curve’s curvature factor primarily reflects:
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Correct answer: C — Changes in intermediate maturities
Explanation: Curvature captures movements in mid-maturity yields relative to short and long ends.
Question 74
The term structure of volatility refers to:
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Correct answer: B — Volatility of yields across maturities
Explanation: It describes how yield volatility varies by maturity.
Question 75
The swap rate is:
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Correct answer: A — The fixed rate that equates PV of fixed and floating legs
Explanation: Swap fixed rate is set so PV(fixed) = PV(floating).
Question 76
The swap spread equals:
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Correct answer: A — Swap fixed rate − government yield
Explanation: Swap spread measures credit/liquidity premium over government curve.
Question 77
The repo rate is best described as:
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Correct answer: B — Rate on collateralized short-term borrowing
Explanation: Repos are collateralized lending arrangements.
Question 78
The haircut in a repo transaction represents:
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Correct answer: B — The discount applied to collateral value
Explanation: Haircut protects the lender by reducing collateral valuation.
Question 79
The yield-to-call (YTC) assumes:
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Correct answer: B — Bond is called at first call date
Explanation: YTC assumes redemption at earliest call date.
Question 80
The yield-to-put (YTP) assumes:
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Correct answer: B — Bond is put at earliest put date
Explanation: YTP assumes investor exercises put at earliest opportunity.
Question 81
The market conversion price of a convertible bond equals:
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Correct answer: B — Market price ÷ conversion ratio
Explanation: Market conversion price = bond price ÷ conversion ratio.
Question 82
The conversion value equals:
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Correct answer: B — Market price of shares received upon conversion
Explanation: Conversion value = share price × conversion ratio.
Question 83
The market conversion premium equals:
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Correct answer: A — Market conversion price − share price
Explanation: Premium = effective price per share via conversion − current share price.
Question 84
The term premium compensates investors for:
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Correct answer: A — Holding long-term bonds instead of rolling short-term bonds
Explanation: Term premium = extra yield for bearing long-horizon interest rate risk.
Question 85
The formula for the full (dirty) price of a bond is:
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Correct answer: B — Clean price + accrued interest
Explanation: Full price = quoted clean price + accrued interest.
Question 86
Accrued interest for a coupon bond is calculated as:
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Correct answer: A — Coupon × (days since last payment ÷ days in period)
Explanation: Linear accrual between coupon dates.
Question 87
The forward rate between years m and n is computed as:
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Correct answer: A — (1 + zₙ)ⁿ ÷ (1 + zₘ)ᵐ − 1
Explanation: Forward rate = ratio of discount factors minus 1.
Question 88
The discount factor for maturity t is:
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Correct answer: B — 1 ÷ (1 + zₜ)ᵗ
Explanation: DF = present value of $1 received at time t.
Question 89
The spot rate bootstrapping formula for a 2‑year par bond is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — z₂ = √[(1 + coupon) ÷ (1 − coupon × DF₁)] − 1
Explanation: Bootstrapping uses par yield and earlier spot rates.
Question 90
The yield-to-maturity (YTM) solves:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Price = Σ CFₜ ÷ (1 + y)ᵗ
Explanation: YTM is the IRR of bond cash flows.
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