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Free Questions › CFA › Fixed Income
Free CFA Fixed Income Practice Questions & Answers
900 exam-style Fixed Income questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 31
Which of the following most accurately describes a make‑whole call provision?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Requires issuer to pay a premium based on discounted future coupons
Explanation: Make‑whole calls require the issuer to pay the PV of foregone coupons, making early redemption costly.
Question 32
A step‑up coupon bond typically increases its coupon when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — A specified date or trigger is reached
Explanation: Step‑up coupons increase based on contractual triggers (dates, rating changes, etc.).
Question 33
Which yield measure is most appropriate for comparing money market instruments?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Bond‑equivalent yield
Explanation: BEY annualizes short‑term yields to a semiannual bond basis for comparability.
Question 34
A Eurobond is best described as a bond:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Issued in a country different from the currency of denomination
Explanation: Eurobonds are issued outside the jurisdiction of the currency used.
Question 35
A credit-linked note (CLN) embeds which type of risk transfer?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Credit event risk
Explanation: CLNs transfer credit event risk to investors through coupon/principal adjustments.
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Question 36
Which of the following is a characteristic of covered bonds?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Investors have dual recourse
Explanation: Covered bonds give recourse to both the issuer and the cover pool.
Question 37
A succession event in CDS markets refers to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A corporate restructuring affecting obligor identity
Explanation: Succession events determine which entity becomes the new obligor.
Question 38
A flattening yield curve most likely indicates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Short‑term yields rising faster than long‑term yields
Explanation: Bear flattening occurs when short‑term rates rise more.
Question 39
A barbell strategy involves:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Holding short‑ and long‑term bonds
Explanation: Barbells allocate to short and long maturities, avoiding the middle.
Question 40
A bullet strategy is most appropriate when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Expecting curve flattening
Explanation: Bullets outperform when intermediate yields fall relative to others.
Question 41
A floating‑rate note has low interest rate risk primarily because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Coupons reset frequently
Explanation: Frequent resets align coupon with market rates.
Question 42
A zero‑volatility spread (Z‑spread) is added to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The spot curve
Explanation: Z‑spread is added to each spot rate to discount cash flows.
Question 43
A callable bond will have:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Higher yield than an option‑free bond
Explanation: Call option benefits issuer → investor demands higher yield.
Question 44
A bootstrapped spot rate is derived from:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Par yields and earlier spot rates
Explanation: Bootstrapping uses par yields and previously derived spot rates.
Question 45
A Monte Carlo simulation is most appropriate for valuing:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Bonds with path‑dependent cash flows
Explanation: Monte Carlo is used when cash flows depend on the path of interest rates (e.g., MBS).
Question 46
A bond’s par curve represents:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Yields on coupon bonds priced at par
Explanation: The par curve shows yields at which coupon bonds would trade at par for each maturity.
Question 47
In a binomial interest‑rate tree, the up‑ and down‑state rates are calibrated so that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The tree matches the current term structure
Explanation: Arbitrage‑free trees are calibrated to reproduce today’s spot curve.
Question 48
A floating‑rate note with a cap limits:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Maximum coupon
Explanation: A cap prevents the coupon from rising above a specified maximum.
Question 49
A floored FRN benefits the investor when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Rates fall
Explanation: A floor protects coupon income when reference rates fall.
Question 50
A steepening yield curve benefits which strategy?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Barbell
Explanation: Barbells benefit when long‑term yields rise relative to short‑term yields.
Question 51
A forward rate is best interpreted as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A breakeven rate implied by today’s curve
Explanation: Forward rates are arbitrage‑implied breakeven rates, not forecasts.
Question 52
A swap spread is defined as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Swap fixed rate minus government yield
Explanation: Swap spread = fixed swap rate − government yield.
Question 53
A TED spread measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Difference between T‑bill and interbank rates
Explanation: TED spread = LIBOR (or similar) − T‑bill rate.
Question 54
A zero‑coupon bond has:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — No reinvestment risk
Explanation: No coupons → no reinvestment risk.
Question 55
A strip bond is created by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Separating coupons and principal
Explanation: Stripping separates coupon and principal payments.
Question 56
Arbitrage-free valuation of a bond requires discounting cash flows using
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Spot rates for each cash flow maturity
Explanation: Arbitrage-free pricing discounts each cash flow at its corresponding spot rate.
Question 57
In an arbitrage-free framework, a bond is overpriced if
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Its market price exceeds the PV of cash flows
Explanation: If price > PV of discounted cash flows, arbitrage exists.
Question 58
In a calibrated interest-rate tree, the first step is
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Matching the current term structure
Explanation: Calibration ensures the tree reproduces today’s spot curve.
Question 59
OAS & Z-Spread The Z-spread differs from the OAS because
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — OAS adjusts for options
Explanation: OAS removes the value of embedded options; Z-spread does not.
Question 60
Yield Curve Dynamics A bear steepening occurs when
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Long rates rise faster than short rates
Explanation: Bear = yields rising; steepening = long end rising more.
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