Free CFA Financial Statement Analysis Practice Questions & Answers
900 exam-style Financial Statement Analysis questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
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Question 181
A company’s intangible assets rise while amortization expense falls. What explains this?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — New acquisitions with long useful lives
Explanation: New intangibles + long amortization periods = rising intangibles + lower amortization. B: Would reduce intangibles. C, D: Not related.
Question 182
A company’s reported net profit margin rises sharply in one year due to a large gain from selling a stake in another company. What is the main risk if an investor extrapolates this margin?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Overestimating sustainable profitability
Explanation: The gain from selling an investment is not part of regular operations. Using that boosted margin as a “normal” level overstates sustainable profitability. A, C, D: These may matter, but the key risk here is misreading one-time gains as recurring.
Question 183
Which combination best describes the classic three-part ROE breakdown?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Profit margin, asset turnover, financial leverage
Explanation: ROE is often decomposed into: Profit margin (profitability), Asset turnover (efficiency), Financial leverage (use of debt/equity). B: Mixes unrelated ratios. C: These are levels, not the standard ROE breakdown. D: These are performance indicators, not the decomposition.
Question 184
A company’s consolidated net margin is much higher than the margin of its main operating business because of high income from associates. What is the key analytical risk?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Overestimating the strength of the core business
Explanation: If associate income boosts consolidated margins, the core business may look better than it really is. Analysts should separate core operations from associate contributions. A, C, D: These may matter, but the main risk is misreading the core business performance.
Question 185
A high non-performing loan ratio at a bank usually indicates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Weak asset quality and higher credit risk
Explanation: Non-performing loans are loans that are not being repaid as agreed. A high ratio signals credit problems and weaker asset quality. A, C: Opposite of what the ratio suggests. D: Profitability is usually hurt, not helped.
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For a property and casualty insurer, the “combined ratio” typically measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Underwriting profitability (claims + expenses vs premiums)
Explanation: The combined ratio compares claims and underwriting expenses to earned premiums. Below 100% indicates underwriting profit. A: That’s investment performance. C, D: Different metrics.
Question 187
A bank with rapidly rising non‑performing loans most likely faces:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher credit risk
Explanation: Non‑performing loans indicate borrowers are struggling. A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 188
A company’s interest coverage ratio falls below 1.0. What does this mean?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Earnings do not cover interest
Explanation: Coverage below 1 means operating profit is insufficient to pay interest. A: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 189
A company’s asset turnover increases. What does this suggest?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Better use of assets
Explanation: Higher turnover means more revenue per unit of assets. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 190
A company’s gross margin declines while sales rise. What is the likely cause?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher production costs
Explanation: Rising costs reduce gross margin. B: Would increase margin. C: Would increase margin. D: Sales are rising.
Question 191
Which segment metric best indicates efficiency?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Asset turnover
Explanation: Asset turnover measures how effectively assets generate revenue. A: Growth ≠ efficiency. B: Profitability, not efficiency. D: Competitive position, not efficiency.
Question 192
A segment shows high return on assets but low revenue growth. What does this suggest?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Strong efficiency, limited expansion
Explanation: High ROA = efficient; low growth = limited market expansion. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 193
Which ratio best measures a company’s ability to meet interest payments?
A company’s leverage ratio increases while interest coverage also increases. What does this suggest?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher risk but stronger earnings
Explanation: More debt increases risk, but higher coverage means earnings improved. A: Coverage contradicts weaker earnings. C, D: Not supported.
Question 195
A company’s cash flow improves because it delays paying suppliers. What does this imply?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Temporary improvement
Explanation: Delaying payments boosts cash only temporarily. A: Not sustainable. C, D: Not affected.
Question 196
A company’s gross margin falls while operating margin stays stable. What is the likely cause?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher production costs
Explanation: Higher production costs reduce gross margin. B: Would reduce operating margin. C: Would reduce both margins. D: Would increase operating margin.
Question 197
A company increases prices but sees no change in volume. What happens to gross margin?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — It increases
Explanation: Higher prices with same cost → higher margin. B, C, D: Not supported.
Question 198
A company’s net margin rises while operating margin stays flat. What explains this?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Lower interest expense
Explanation: Net margin includes interest; lower interest boosts net margin. B, C, D: Would reduce margins.
Question 199
A company’s return on assets increases. Which is the most likely cause?
A company’s return on equity rises even though profit is unchanged. Why?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Lower equity
Explanation: ROE = profit / equity; lower equity increases ROE. B: Would reduce ROE. C: Would increase equity. D: Profit unchanged, so not relevant.
Question 201
A company’s operating margin improves. What is the most likely reason?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Lower operating expenses
Explanation: Operating margin improves when operating costs fall. B, C: Affect net margin, not operating margin. D: Non‑cash but still reduces operating profit.
Question 202
A company’s interest coverage falls. What does this imply?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Weaker ability to pay interest
Explanation: Lower coverage = less ability to meet interest obligations. A: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 203
A segment’s asset base increases while its profit stays flat. What happens to its return on assets?
A company’s interest coverage ratio rises. What does this indicate?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher ability to pay interest
Explanation: Higher coverage = stronger ability to meet interest. A: Opposite. C: Not implied. D: Not implied.
Question 205
A company’s gross margin rises while its operating margin falls. What is the likely cause?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher operating expenses
Explanation: Operating margin falls when operating costs rise. A: Would raise both margins. C: Would raise both margins. D: Taxes affect net margin, not operating margin.
Question 206
A company reduces its workforce, lowering salary expenses. Which margin improves first?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Operating margin
Explanation: Salaries are operating expenses. A: Gross margin excludes salaries. C: Net margin includes taxes and interest. D: Not directly tied to fixed salaries.
Question 207
A company’s net margin rises even though operating margin stays flat. What explains this?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Lower interest expense
Explanation: Lower interest expense boosts net margin. A: Would reduce net margin. C: Would reduce operating margin. D: Would reduce net margin.
Question 208
A company’s return on assets rises. What is the most likely reason?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher profit
Explanation: ROA = profit / assets. B: Would reduce ROA. C: Opposite. D: Not part of ROA.
Question 209
A company’s return on equity rises even though profit stays constant. What explains this?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Lower equity
Explanation: Lower equity increases ROE. A: Would reduce ROE. C: Not part of ROE. D: Lower leverage reduces ROE.
Question 210
A company’s profit margin falls while revenue rises. What is the likely cause?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher costs
Explanation: Rising revenue with falling margin = cost pressure. B: Would raise margin. C, D: Affect net margin, not necessarily overall margin.
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