Question 151
A company issues new debt to repurchase shares. What happens?
A. Leverage increases
B. Leverage decreases
C. Equity increases
D. Interest expense decreases
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Leverage increases
Explanation: More debt + lower equity = higher leverage. B: Opposite. C: Equity falls. D: Interest expense rises.
Question 152
A company’s total assets rise while sales stay flat. What happens to asset turnover?
A. It rises
B. It falls
C. It stays constant
D. It becomes negative
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — It falls
Explanation: Turnover = sales / assets → higher assets = lower turnover. A: Opposite. C: Assets changed. D: Cannot be negative.
Question 153
A company’s profit rises due to a one‑time gain. What should an analyst do?
A. Treat it as recurring
B. Remove it from core earnings
C. Increase future forecasts
D. Assume higher margins permanently
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Remove it from core earnings
Explanation: One‑time gains should be excluded from recurring earnings. A: Incorrect. C, D: Misleading.
Question 154
A company frequently reclassifies normal expenses as “special items.” What does this indicate?
A. High earnings quality
B. Low earnings quality
C. Strong cash flow
D. Low leverage
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Low earnings quality
Explanation: Reclassification inflates core earnings artificially. A: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 155
A company’s depreciation expense falls while assets stay constant. What is the likely effect?
A. Higher profit
B. Lower profit
C. Higher cash
D. Lower leverage
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher profit
Explanation: Lower depreciation = higher profit. B: Opposite. C: Depreciation is non‑cash. D: Not related.
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Question 156
A company delays recognizing an impairment. What happens?
A. Profit is understated
B. Profit is overstated
C. Assets are understated
D. Cash decreases
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Profit is overstated
Explanation: Delaying impairment keeps profit artificially high. A: Opposite. C: Assets are overstated. D: Impairment is non‑cash.
Question 157
A company’s auditor resigns unexpectedly. What does this indicate?
A. Strong reporting quality
B. Potential reporting issues
C. Higher liquidity
D. Lower leverage
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Potential reporting issues
Explanation: Auditor resignation is a classic red flag. A: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 158
A company recognizes an impairment. What is the effect?
A. Lower profit
B. Higher profit
C. Higher assets
D. Higher cash
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Lower profit
Explanation: Impairment = expense. B: Opposite. C: Assets fall. D: Non‑cash.
Question 159
A company frequently reports “one‑time charges.” What does this suggest?
A. Stable operations
B. Recurring operational issues
C. Higher margins
D. Lower leverage
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Recurring operational issues
Explanation: Frequent “one‑time” charges indicate recurring problems. A: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 160
A company’s profit rises but receivables rise even faster. What is the likely cause?
A. Strong cash collections
B. Aggressive revenue recognition
C. Lower credit sales
D. Higher inventory
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Aggressive revenue recognition
Explanation: Receivables rising faster than profit is a classic red flag. A: Opposite. C: Would reduce receivables. D: Not related.
Question 161
A company’s debt rises faster than equity. What happens?
A. Leverage increases
B. Leverage decreases
C. Profit increases
D. Cash decreases
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Leverage increases
Explanation: More debt relative to equity = higher leverage. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 162
A company increases its estimate of future repair costs. What happens?
A. Profit decreases
B. Profit increases
C. Assets increase
D. Cash decreases immediately
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Profit decreases
Explanation: Higher estimate = higher expense. B: Opposite. C: Not affected. D: Cash paid later.
Question 163
A company frequently reports “special charges.” What does this suggest?
A. Recurring operational problems
B. Strong operations
C. Higher margins
D. Lower leverage
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Recurring operational problems
Explanation: Frequent “special” charges indicate recurring issues. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 164
A company’s auditor resigns unexpectedly. What does this indicate?
A. Potential reporting issues
B. Strong reporting quality
C. Higher liquidity
D. Higher margins
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Potential reporting issues
Explanation: Auditor resignation is a classic red flag. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 165
A company recognizes an impairment on equipment. What is the effect?
A. Lower assets and lower profit
B. Higher assets and higher profit
C. Higher cash
D. Higher liabilities
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Lower assets and lower profit
Explanation: Impairment reduces asset value and profit. B: Opposite. C: Non‑cash. D: Not affected.
Question 166
A company increases its estimate of future warranty costs. What happens?
A. Profit decreases
B. Profit increases
C. Assets increase
D. Cash decreases immediately
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Profit decreases
Explanation: Higher estimate = higher expense. B: Opposite. C: Not affected. D: Cash paid later.
Question 167
A company frequently changes its depreciation method. What does this suggest?
A. Potential earnings manipulation
B. Strong reporting consistency
C. Higher liquidity
D. Higher margins
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Potential earnings manipulation
Explanation: Frequent method changes can distort profit. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 168
A company’s auditor issues a warning about uncertainty in future operations. What does this indicate?
A. Potential financial distress
B. Strong financial health
C. Higher margins
D. Lower leverage
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Potential financial distress
Explanation: Auditor warnings signal risk. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 169
A company’s receivables rise much faster than sales. What is the likely cause?
A. Aggressive revenue recognition
B. Strong cash collections
C. Lower credit sales
D. Higher inventory
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Aggressive revenue recognition
Explanation: Receivables rising faster than sales is a classic red flag. B: Opposite. C: Would reduce receivables. D: Not related.
Question 170
A company frequently reports “one‑time charges.” What does this suggest?
A. Recurring operational problems
B. Strong operations
C. Higher margins
D. Lower leverage
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Recurring operational problems
Explanation: Frequent “one‑time” charges indicate recurring issues. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 171
A company recognizes an impairment on a building. What is the effect?
A. Lower assets and lower profit
B. Higher assets and higher profit
C. Higher cash
D. Higher liabilities
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Lower assets and lower profit
Explanation: Impairment reduces asset value and profit. B: Opposite. C: Non‑cash. D: Not affected.
Question 172
A company increases its estimate of future warranty claims. What happens?
A. Profit decreases
B. Profit increases
C. Assets increase
D. Cash decreases immediately
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Profit decreases
Explanation: Higher estimate = higher expense. B: Opposite. C: Not affected. D: Cash paid later.
Question 173
A company frequently changes its revenue recognition assumptions. What does this suggest?
A. Potential manipulation
B. Strong consistency
C. Higher liquidity
D. Higher margins
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Potential manipulation
Explanation: Frequent changes can distort reported revenue. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 174
A company’s auditor issues a warning about internal controls. What does this indicate?
A. Higher reporting risk
B. Strong reporting quality
C. Higher margins
D. Lower leverage
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher reporting risk
Explanation: Weak controls increase reporting risk. B: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
Question 175
A company’s inventory days fall while sales fall. What does this suggest?
A. Inventory is being reduced aggressively
B. Inventory is piling up
C. Sales are rising
D. Production costs are rising
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Inventory is being reduced aggressively
Explanation: Lower days + falling sales = inventory reduction. B: Would increase days. C: Opposite. D: Not implied.
Question 176
A company recognizes an impairment on machinery. What is the effect?
A. Lower assets and lower profit
B. Higher assets and higher profit
C. Higher cash
D. Higher liabilities
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Lower assets and lower profit
Explanation: Impairment reduces asset value and profit. B: Opposite. C: Non‑cash. D: Not affected.
Question 177
A company’s interest expense falls, but its debt level rises. What explains this?
A. Refinancing at lower rates
B. Higher credit spreads
C. Lower operating profit
D. Higher tax rate
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Refinancing at lower rates
Explanation: More debt + lower interest expense = refinancing at cheaper rates. B: Would increase interest expense. C, D: Not related.
Question 178
A company’s tax expense falls even though profit rises. What explains this?
A. Higher deferred tax assets
B. Lower tax rates or tax credits
C. Higher interest expense
D. Higher operating costs
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Lower tax rates or tax credits
Explanation: Profit ↑ + tax ↓ = lower effective tax rate. A: Would reduce taxes but usually tied to losses. C, D: Affect profit, not tax rate.
Question 179
A company’s debt‑to‑assets ratio falls while its debt stays constant. What explains this?
A. Assets increased
B. Assets decreased
C. Equity decreased
D. Profit decreased
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Assets increased
Explanation: Same debt + higher assets = lower ratio. B: Would raise ratio. C, D: Not directly relevant.
Question 180
A company’s leverage falls even though equity stays constant. What explains this?
A. Debt decreased
B. Debt increased
C. Assets increased
D. Profit decreased
Check answer
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Debt decreased
Explanation: Lower debt = lower leverage. B: Opposite. C, D: Not directly relevant.
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