You’re on a roll
Create a free account to save your CFA progress, track your accuracy by topic, and pick up right where you left off.
Free Questions › CFA › Equity
Free CFA Equity Practice Questions & Answers
400 exam-style Equity questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 181
RI – Competitive Fade As competition increases, RI typically:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Decreases
Explanation: Why correct: Competition erodes ROE → RI declines. A/C/D: Incorrect.
Question 182
RI – Terminal Value Dominance RI models rely less on terminal value than DCF because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Book value anchors valuation
Explanation: Why correct: Starting with BV reduces terminal value dependence. B/C/D: Not true.
Question 183
RI – Multi‑Stage Multi‑stage RI models are needed when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — ROE changes over time
Explanation: Why correct: Changing ROE → changing RI → multi‑stage needed. A/C/D: Do not require multi‑stage.
Question 184
RI – Negative Book Value RI cannot be used when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Book value negative
Explanation: Why correct: Negative BV breaks RI logic. B/C/D: RI still usable.
Question 185
RI – Economic Intuition RI measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Value created after covering cost of equity
Explanation: Why correct: RI = profit above required return. A: FCFE. C: Economic profit. D: Nonsense.
Get the full CFA question bank — free
Drop your email and we'll send you fresh CFA practice questions, fully worked solutions and exam-deadline reminders. No spam — unsubscribe in one click.
Want to save your score and take a full mock exam? Create a free account →
Question 186
RI – Sensitivity to Book Value Overstated book value causes RI to be:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Understated
Explanation: Why correct: Equity charge = r × BV → overstated BV → overstated charge → understated RI. A: Opposite. C/D: Incorrect.
Question 187
RI – ROE Forecasting ROE forecasts are difficult because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — ROE depends on margins, turnover, and leverage
Explanation: Why correct: ROE = margin × turnover × leverage. A/C/D: False.
Question 188
RI – Link to DDM RI and DDM give the same value when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Clean surplus holds
Explanation: Why correct: RI and DDM are mathematically equivalent under clean surplus. B/C/D: Not required.
Question 189
RI – Link to FCFF RI and FCFF give the same value when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Capital structure stable
Explanation: Why correct: Stable leverage → FCFF and RI consistent. B: RI vs DDM equivalence. C: Not required. D: Irrelevant.
Question 190
RI – Accounting Conservatism Conservative accounting typically:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Decreases RI
Explanation: Why correct: Conservatism → lower earnings → lower RI. A/C/D: Incorrect.
Question 191
RI – Core Principle RI valuation is fundamentally based on:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Discounting future RI
Explanation: Why correct: RI model = BV₀ + PV(RI). B/C/D: Other models.
Question 192
P/B = 0.6. Which is most consistent?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — ROE < required return
Explanation: Why correct: P/B < 1 → firm destroys value → ROE < r. A/B: Would imply P/B ≥ 1. D: Not implied.
Question 193
P/B equals:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 1 + (ROE − r)/(r − g)
Explanation: Why correct: Standard RI‑based P/B formula. A: Missing “1 +”. C/D: Incorrect.
Question 194
P/B – Growth Relationship Higher expected growth increases P/B because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Future RI increases
Explanation: Why correct: Higher growth → higher future RI → higher P/B. A: BV may not change. B: Growth ≠ ROE. D: Dividends not directly tied.
Question 195
Which industry characteristic most strongly supports sustained pricing power?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — High product differentiation
Explanation: Why correct: Differentiation reduces substitutability → firms can raise prices without losing customers. A: Low switching costs reduce pricing power. C: Excess capacity → price wars. D: Concentrated buyers → strong bargaining power → lower prices.
Question 196
Threat of substitutes is highest when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Substitute price‑performance ratio is attractive
Explanation: Why correct: High value substitutes → customers switch → high threat. A: Inferior substitutes reduce threat. B: High switching costs reduce threat. D: Necessities reduce substitution.
Question 197
High operating leverage implies:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — High sensitivity of profits to revenue
Explanation: Why correct: High fixed costs → small revenue changes → large profit swings. A/C/D: Opposite or nonsensical.
Question 198
A cost‑leadership strategy is most effective when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Products are standardized
Explanation: Why correct: Standardized products → cost competition → cost leader wins. A/D: Favor differentiation. C: Switching costs reduce price sensitivity.
Question 199
Differentiation strategy is most effective when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Customers value unique features
Explanation: Why correct: Differentiation works when customers value uniqueness. A/B/D: Favor cost competition.
Question 200
Industry Concentration A highly concentrated industry typically has:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Low rivalry
Explanation: Why correct: Few firms → easier coordination → lower rivalry. A: Fragmented industries have high rivalry. C: Rivalry never zero. D: Rivalry is predictable.
Question 201
High barriers to entry generally lead to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher long‑term profitability
Explanation: Why correct: Barriers protect incumbents → higher profits. A/C/D: Opposite.
Question 202
High switching costs most likely:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Increase customer retention
Explanation: Why correct: High switching costs → customers stay → retention rises. A: Opposite. C/D: Switching costs reduce both.
Question 203
Industry Cyclicality Cyclical industries typically exhibit:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — High sensitivity to GDP
Explanation: Why correct: Cyclicals move with economic cycles. A/C/D: Opposite.
Question 204
When industry capacity expands faster than demand:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Prices fall
Explanation: Why correct: Excess capacity → price competition → lower prices. A/C/D: Incorrect.
Question 205
Disruption Risk Industries most vulnerable to disruption typically have:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — High customer dissatisfaction
Explanation: Why correct: Dissatisfied customers → adopt new entrants quickly. A/B/D: Reduce disruption risk.
Question 206
Which is a sustainable source of economic moat?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Patents with long duration
Explanation: Why correct: Patents legally protect profits. A: Temporary. C: Growth ≠ moat. D: Cyclicality ≠ moat.
Question 207
Industry Fragmentation Fragmented industries typically have:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Low pricing power
Explanation: Why correct: Many small firms → intense price competition. A/C/D: Opposite.
Question 208
High fixed costs imply:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — High operating leverage
Explanation: Why correct: Fixed costs → leverage effect. A/C/D: Incorrect.
Question 209
High industry growth typically:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reduces rivalry
Explanation: Why correct: Growing demand → firms compete less aggressively. A/C/D: Opposite.
Question 210
The most important driver of long‑term industry revenue is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Market size and penetration
Explanation: Why correct: Long‑term revenue = market size × penetration. A/C/D: Short‑term factors.
More free CFA topics
Economics2,066
Quantitative Methods1,213
Portfolio Management1,079
Fixed Income908
Financial Statement Analysis904
Corporate Issuers884
Portfolio Construction605
Alternative Investments540
Specialized Pathway - Private Markets500
Asset Allocation499
Derivatives498
Performance Measurement295
Specialized Pathway - Portfolio Management253
Derivatives and Risk Management131
Ten questions in
- The ones you miss are saved as a drill you can repeat
- Your place is kept, on this device and any other
- A streak, if that is the thing that gets you back tomorrow
Every question on this page stays free and open either way.