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Free Questions › CFA › Economics
Free CFA Economics Practice Questions & Answers
2,050 exam-style Economics questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 1771
The discount rate in the United States refers to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The rate member banks pay when borrowing from the Federal Reserve
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: The discount rate is the Fed’s direct lending rate to member banks. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Consumer loan rates are unrelated. C: That is the federal funds rate. D: Treasury bill yields are market-determined.
Question 1772
The federal funds rate is best described as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The overnight rate at which banks lend reserves to each other
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: It is the overnight interbank reserve lending rate targeted by the FOMC. ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Not interbank reserve rates.
Question 1773
The FOMC influences the federal funds rate primarily through:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Open market operations
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Buying or selling government securities changes bank reserves and moves the fed funds rate. ✘ Why others wrong: A & B: Fiscal tools. D: Not the primary mechanism.
Question 1774
Higher policy rates generally lead banks to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reduce lending
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Higher rates increase the cost of borrowing reserves, discouraging lending. ✘ Why others wrong: A & C: Opposite of typical behavior. D: Not realistic.
Question 1775
A key limitation of monetary policy is that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Transmission channels may fail or weaken
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Transmission channels (rates, expectations, asset prices) may not work smoothly. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Transmission is not perfect. C & D: Not monetary functions.
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Question 1776
A breakdown in the transmission mechanism occurs when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Long-term rates move opposite to central bank intentions
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: If long-term rates fall after a rate hike, policy becomes ineffective. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Short-term rates usually follow policy. C & D: Not transmission issues.
Question 1777
Long-term interest rates depend mainly on:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Expected future short-term rates
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Bond yields reflect expectations of future policy rates. ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Not primary determinants.
Question 1778
If markets believe rates are already too high, a rate hike may:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Lower long-term rates
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Expectations of future rate cuts lower long-term yields. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Opposite. C & D: Not typical.
Question 1779
Falling long-term rates after a rate hike may:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Stimulate borrowing
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Cheaper long-term borrowing encourages loans and spending. ✘ Why others wrong: B, C, D: Not accurate.
Question 1780
Bond market “vigilantes” are investors who:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Push long-term yields up when inflation risk rises
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: They sell long bonds if they believe inflation is rising, raising yields. ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 1781
Vigilantes may push long-term rates down when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — They expect tight policy to cause recession
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Expectations of slowdown increase demand for long-term bonds. ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Not the mechanism.
Question 1782
A credible monetary authority reduces the need for:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Bond market vigilantes
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Credibility stabilizes expectations, reducing vigilante reactions. Wrong: A, C, D: Not directly related.
Question 1783
A liquidity trap occurs when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Money demand becomes infinitely elastic
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: In a liquidity trap, people hold unlimited money at the same rate. Wrong: B, C, D: Not definitions.
Question 1784
In a liquidity trap, monetary policy becomes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Completely ineffective
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Extra money does not lower rates or stimulate activity. Wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 1785
Liquidity traps are associated with:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Deflation
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Deflation encourages hoarding money, creating liquidity traps. Wrong: A, C, D: Opposite conditions.
Question 1786
Deflation is defined as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A persistent fall in the general price level
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Deflation is a sustained decline in prices. Wrong: A, C, D: Not definitions.
Question 1787
Deflation is difficult for monetary policy because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Nominal rates cannot fall far below zero
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Zero lower bound limits rate cuts. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the main issue.
Question 1788
Deflation increases the real value of:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Debt
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Falling prices increase the real burden of fixed nominal debt. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the primary effect.
Question 1789
Deflation may cause consumers to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Delay consumption
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Falling prices encourage postponing purchases. Wrong: A, C, D: Opposite.
Question 1790
A deflationary trap is characterized by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Falling prices, weak demand, rising real debt
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Deflation reduces demand and increases real debt burdens. Wrong: A, C, D: Not deflationary.
Question 1791
When rates hit zero, conventional monetary policy becomes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Ineffective
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Zero lower bound prevents further rate cuts. Wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 1792
Quantitative easing (QE) is best described as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Large-scale asset purchases by the central bank
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: QE expands reserves by buying assets. Wrong: A, C, D: Fiscal or unrelated tools.
Question 1793
QE is operationally similar to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Open market purchases
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: QE is essentially large-scale open market purchases. Wrong: B, C, D: Not similar.
Question 1794
QE aims to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Increase lending and broad money growth
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: QE increases reserves to stimulate lending. Wrong: A, C, D: Opposite.
Question 1795
A risk of QE is that banks may:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Hold excess reserves instead of lending
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Banks may prefer safety over lending in weak economies. Wrong: A, C, D: Not typical.
Question 1796
QE in the UK focused on purchasing:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Gilts with 3–5 year maturity
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: The Bank of England targeted medium-term gilts. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the assets purchased.
Question 1797
QE in the United States initially focused on:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Mortgage-backed securities
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: The Fed bought MBS issued/guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the focus.
Question 1798
QE1 was followed by QE2 because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — QE1 did not sufficiently stimulate the economy
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: The Fed judged the economy had not responded enough. Wrong: A, C, D: Not true.
Question 1799
QE2 involved purchasing:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — $600 billion of long-dated Treasuries
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: QE2 targeted long-term Treasury bonds. Wrong: A, C, D: Not correct.
Question 1800
QE3 focused on purchasing:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Agency mortgage-backed securities
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: QE3 bought $40 billion/month of agency MBS. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the assets purchased.
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Asset Allocation499
Derivatives498
Equity390
Performance Measurement295
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Derivatives and Risk Management131
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