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Free Questions › CFA › Economics
Free CFA Economics Practice Questions & Answers
2,050 exam-style Economics questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 61
The portfolio balance model predicts long‑term depreciation when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Government debt grows faster than investor demand
Explanation: A is correct: Excess debt supply → lower currency value. B/C/D strengthen currency.
Question 62
A surge in foreign investment inflows typically causes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Currency appreciation
Explanation: A is correct: Inflows increase demand for domestic currency. B is opposite. C is unrealistic. D is not automatic.
Question 63
A sudden stop in capital inflows is most likely to cause:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Currency depreciation
Explanation: B is correct: Outflows or reduced inflows → weaker currency. A is opposite. C is unrealistic. D is unrelated.
Question 64
A country with high interest rates may still experience currency depreciation if:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Investors expect future economic weakness
Explanation: A is correct: Expectations can dominate interest rate effects. B/C/D strengthen currency.
Question 65
A country with strong capital outflows is likely experiencing:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Currency depreciation
Explanation: B is correct: Outflows reduce demand for domestic currency. A is opposite. C is unlikely. D occurs only with inflows.
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Question 66
A country with a rapidly aging population may see its currency weaken because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Savings decline and capital inflows fall
Explanation: A is correct: Aging → lower savings → less investment → weaker currency. B/C/D do not cause depreciation.
Question 67
A government imposes a tax on short‑term foreign investments. What is the most likely goal?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reduce volatile capital movements
Explanation: B is correct: Taxes on short‑term flows discourage “hot money,” reducing volatility. A is opposite. C is not guaranteed; controls often weaken credibility. D is unrelated.
Question 68
Capital controls are most effective when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Investors have no alternative channels to move money
Explanation: A is correct: Controls work only when they cannot be easily bypassed. B/C/D do not determine effectiveness.
Question 69
A country restricts foreign currency withdrawals from domestic banks. This is an example of:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Capital control
Explanation: B is correct: Limiting FX withdrawals restricts capital movement. A affects interest rates. C affects spending. D affects goods, not capital.
Question 70
A country imposes capital controls to prevent currency appreciation. Which situation likely triggered this?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Large capital inflows
Explanation: A is correct: Excess inflows push currency up → controls used to slow appreciation. B/C/D do not directly cause appreciation pressure.
Question 71
A drawback of capital controls is that they:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reduce investor confidence
Explanation: B is correct: Controls often signal instability → lower confidence. A/C/D are false; controls do not guarantee outcomes.
Question 72
A central bank buys foreign currency in the market. What is the likely effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Domestic currency depreciates
Explanation: B is correct: Buying foreign currency means selling domestic currency → depreciation. A is opposite. C is unrealistic. D is unrelated.
Question 73
A currency crisis is most likely when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Foreign reserves are low
Explanation: A is correct: Low reserves → inability to defend currency → crisis risk. B/C/D reduce crisis risk.
Question 74
A sudden reversal of capital inflows is dangerous because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — It forces investors to sell the domestic currency
Explanation: B is correct: Investors sell domestic currency → sharp depreciation. A is opposite. C/D contradict crisis dynamics.
Question 75
A currency crisis often begins when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Investors lose confidence in the government’s ability to defend the currency
Explanation: A is correct: Loss of confidence → selling pressure → crisis. B/C/D do not trigger crises.
Question 76
A rapid increase in private sector foreign‑currency borrowing is dangerous because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — It increases exposure to depreciation
Explanation: B is correct: Depreciation increases debt burden → crisis risk. A is opposite. C/D are unrelated.
Question 77
A country with a fixed exchange rate and high inflation is vulnerable because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — The peg becomes overvalued
Explanation: A is correct: High inflation → real appreciation → overvalued peg → crisis risk. B is opposite. C/D contradict inflation dynamics.
Question 78
A sharp drop in foreign reserves is a warning sign because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — It signals difficulty maintaining the exchange rate
Explanation: B is correct: Falling reserves → limited defense capacity → crisis risk. A/D are opposite. C is not the main issue.
Question 79
A country with rising short‑term external debt and falling reserves is likely to face:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Depreciation pressure
Explanation: B is correct: High rollover risk + low reserves → depreciation risk. A/C/D contradict crisis mechanics.
Question 80
Non‑ICT capital includes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Machinery and transportation equipment
Explanation: A is correct: Non‑ICT = physical capital excluding ICT. B/C/D are ICT.
Question 81
Public infrastructure includes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Roads, ports, and power systems
Explanation: A is correct: Infrastructure = public capital supporting economic activity. B/C/D are private goods.
Question 82
A country that opens its economy to trade is likely to experience:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher productivity through specialization
Explanation: A is correct: Trade allows specialization → higher efficiency. B/C/D contradict open‑economy growth theory.
Question 83
A country with persistent trade surpluses may experience:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Upward pressure on its currency
Explanation: A is correct: Exporters convert foreign currency → appreciation pressure. B/C/D contradict trade dynamics.
Question 84
A country with high capital inflows but weak institutions may experience:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Volatile growth
Explanation: A is correct: Weak institutions → misallocation → volatility. B/C/D contradict institutional economics.
Question 85
Long‑term economic growth is primarily driven by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Productivity improvements
Explanation: B is correct: Productivity is the core driver of long‑run growth. A/C/D affect short‑term cycles, not long‑term growth.
Question 86
In growth theory, capital deepening refers to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — More capital per worker
Explanation: A is correct: Capital deepening = increasing capital–labor ratio. B is the opposite. C/D are unrelated.
Question 87
Capital deepening eventually faces diminishing returns because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Each additional unit of capital adds less output
Explanation: B is correct: Classic diminishing marginal product of capital. A/C/D do not explain diminishing returns.
Question 88
Sustained long‑term growth requires:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Continuous technological progress
Explanation: A is correct: Technology shifts the production function upward. B helps labor supply but is not sufficient. C harms growth. D is irrelevant.
Question 89
A country with low capital per worker but strong investment growth is likely to experience:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — High marginal returns to capital
Explanation: A is correct: Low capital → high marginal product → strong growth from investment. B applies to high‑capital economies. C/D contradict growth theory.
Question 90
In a standard production function, output increases when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Inputs increase or technology improves
Explanation: A is correct: Output depends on inputs (labor, capital) and technology. B affects nominal values, not real output. C affects demand, not production capacity. D affects trade, not production directly.
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