Free CFA Quantitative Methods Practice Questions & Answers
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Question 181
A series that fluctuates around a constant mean with constant variance and no trend is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Stationary
Explanation: Why right: This matches the definition of stationarity. Why wrong: B/C/D: These imply changing mean or structure.
Question 182
If first‑differencing a series makes it stationary, the original series is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Integrated of order one
Explanation: Why right: A series that becomes stationary after one difference is I(1). Why wrong: A/C/D: Do not describe this behavior.
Question 183
A non‑stationary series with a unit root is often modeled by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — AR model in first differences
Explanation: Why right: Differencing removes the unit root and allows AR modeling. Why wrong: A/C/D: Using levels risks spurious results.
Question 184
A stationary series is required for:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Valid AR model estimation
Explanation: Why right: AR models assume stable mean and variance. Why wrong: B/C/D: These do not require stationarity.
Question 185
A linear trend model assumes the variable:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Grows by a constant absolute amount each period
Explanation: Why right: Linear trend implies a fixed increment per period. Why wrong: A: That’s log‑linear. C/D: Not trend models.
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A log‑linear trend model predicts future values by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Multiplying the level by a constant growth factor
Explanation: Why right: Log‑linear implies exponential growth, i.e., multiplicative. Why wrong: A/C/D: Not how log‑linear works.
Question 189
A linear trend model is likely inappropriate if the data:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Increase by similar percentages each period
Explanation: Why right: Percentage growth suggests log‑linear, not linear. Why wrong: A: Linear is fine. C/D: Trend may not be needed.
Question 190
A trend model with strongly serially correlated residuals suggests:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The model is misspecified
Explanation: Why right: Serial correlation in residuals indicates missing dynamics. Why wrong: A/C/D: Not supported by correlated errors.
Question 191
A log‑linear model is preferred over a linear model when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Growth appears exponential
Explanation: Why right: Exponential patterns are captured better in logs. Why wrong: A/C/D: No trend or no structure.
Question 192
A trend model with a Durbin–Watson statistic near zero likely has:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Strong positive serial correlation
Explanation: Why right: DW far below 2 indicates positive serial correlation. Why wrong: A/C/D: Incorrect interpretation.
Question 193
A limitation of simple trend models is that they often:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Produce serially correlated errors
Explanation: Why right: Trend models frequently leave autocorrelation in residuals. Why wrong: A/C/D: Not true.
Question 194
A Durbin–Watson statistic close to 2 suggests:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — No serial correlation
Explanation: Why right: DW ≈ 2 indicates approximate independence of errors. Why wrong: A/B: Deviations from 2 indicate correlation. D: DW is not a variance test.
Question 195
A Durbin–Watson statistic far below 2 suggests:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Positive serial correlation
Explanation: Why right: Low DW indicates positive correlation in residuals. Why wrong: B: High DW suggests negative correlation. C/D: Not implied directly.
Question 196
Durbin–Watson is not valid when the regression includes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A lagged dependent variable
Explanation: Why right: DW is inappropriate when the independent variables include lagged dependent variables. Why wrong: A/C/D: DW can still be used.
Question 197
Serial correlation in regression errors mainly affects:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Standard errors of coefficients
Explanation: Why right: Coefficients may remain unbiased, but standard errors become unreliable. Why wrong: A/C/D: Not the primary issue.
Question 198
A model with serially correlated errors violates the assumption of:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Independence of errors
Explanation: Why right: Serial correlation means errors are not independent. Why wrong: A/C/D: These are different assumptions.
Question 199
Residual autocorrelation can be tested by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Examining autocorrelation coefficients and their t‑statistics
Explanation: Why right: Significance of residual autocorrelations indicates serial correlation. Why wrong: A/C/D: Not appropriate tests.
Question 200
A regression model shows a Durbin–Watson statistic of 0.25. This most likely indicates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Strong positive serial correlation
Explanation: Why right: A DW value far below 2 signals strong positive correlation in residuals. Why wrong: A: DW near 2 indicates no correlation. C: Negative correlation produces DW above 2. D: DW does not test for trends.
Question 201
Residual autocorrelation is considered significant when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The autocorrelation divided by its standard error is large in magnitude
Explanation: Why right: A t‑test on residual autocorrelations determines significance. Why wrong: A: Close to zero means not significant. C/D: Unrelated to autocorrelation.
Question 202
If several residual autocorrelations are statistically significant, the model is likely:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Missing important lag structure
Explanation: Why right: Significant autocorrelations indicate missing dynamics or lags. Why wrong: A: Opposite. C/D: Not implied.
Question 203
An AR(1) model predicts the next value using:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The intercept plus one lag of the series
Explanation: Why right: AR(1) uses one lag and an intercept. Why wrong: A: Incomplete. C: AR(2). D: Errors add noise but don’t predict the mean.
Question 204
An AR(2) model includes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Two lags
Explanation: Why right: AR(2) uses two past values. Why wrong: A/C/D: Incorrect.
Question 205
For an AR(1) model to be stationary, the lag coefficient must be:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Between –1 and 1
Explanation: Why right: |φ| < 1 ensures mean reversion. Why wrong: A/B/D: Lead to instability or random walk.
Question 206
A lag coefficient of 0.95 in an AR(1) model indicates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Very slow mean reversion
Explanation: Why right: Values near 1 imply slow adjustment. Why wrong: A: Opposite. C/D: Not implied.
Question 207
A lag coefficient greater than 1 in absolute value implies the series is:
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