Free CFA Portfolio Management Practice Questions & Answers
1,100 exam-style Portfolio Management questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
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Question 121
Currency hedging is most beneficial when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Currency movements dominate asset returns
Explanation: If currency swings dominate returns, hedging stabilizes outcomes. A, C, D not primary drivers.
Question 122
Holding excess cash in a portfolio typically:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reduces expected return
Explanation: Cash earns less → lowers portfolio return. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 123
Redemption risk is highest for portfolios with:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Illiquid underlying holdings
Explanation: Illiquid assets → difficulty meeting redemptions. A, C, D reduce risk.
Question 124
Performance Measurement — Time-Weighted Return Time‑weighted return is preferred when evaluating:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Manager skill
Explanation: TWR removes impact of external cash flows → isolates manager skill. B, C, D not the purpose.
Question 125
A global equity investor is most likely to hedge currency exposure when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Currency volatility is high relative to equity volatility
Explanation: A is correct: When FX volatility dominates asset volatility, hedging stabilizes returns. B reduces the need for hedging. C is not guaranteed by hedging. D is not the primary driver.
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A portfolio diversified across multiple independent risk factors will most likely:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Have lower total risk than a portfolio concentrated in one factor
Explanation: A is correct: Independent factors → lower overall risk. B is incorrect — diversification reduces volatility. C is impossible — systematic risk cannot be eliminated. D is not implied.
Question 127
The real interest rate is best defined as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — The nominal rate minus expected inflation
Explanation: A is the definition: real = nominal – expected inflation. B, C, D are unrelated.
Question 128
The term premium represents:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Compensation for holding longer‑maturity bonds
Explanation: B is correct: term premium = reward for duration uncertainty. A, C, D are different risk premia.
Question 129
A credit spread is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The yield difference between a risky bond and a risk‑free bond
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D refer to other concepts.
Question 130
A pure factor portfolio is one that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Has exposure to only one factor
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 131
Sensitivity (Beta) Factor sensitivity measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Exposure to a specific factor
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D unrelated.
Question 132
Residual risk is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Diversifiable risk
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D are systematic.
Question 133
Risk (VaR) VaR is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Minimum loss expected at a given probability
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 134
VaR (CVaR) CVaR measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Expected loss beyond the VaR threshold
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 135
Sensitivity analysis evaluates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Impact of small changes in inputs
Explanation: B is the definition. A is scenario analysis. C is Monte Carlo. D is historical simulation.
Question 136
Historical simulation uses:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Past return data
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 137
Carlo simulation involves:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Generating random scenarios based on assumed distributions
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 138
Data snooping occurs when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Too many models are tested on the same dataset
Explanation: A is the definition. B, C, D unrelated.
Question 139
Risk budgeting allocates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Risk across portfolio components
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 140
Marginal risk contribution measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Change in portfolio risk from a small change in asset weight
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 141
Definition — Stop-Loss Limit A stop‑loss limit is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A rule that reduces exposure after losses
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 142
Position limits restrict:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Maximum exposure to a single asset
Explanation: A is the definition. B, C, D incorrect.
Question 143
The efficient frontier is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Set of portfolios with highest return for each risk level
Explanation: A is the definition. B, C, D incorrect.
Question 144
Diversification reduces:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Idiosyncratic risk
Explanation: B is the definition. A cannot be diversified away.
Question 145
Correlation measures:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Linear relationship between two variables
Explanation: B is the definition. A, C, D incorrect.
Question 146
Redemption risk refers to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — The risk that investors withdraw funds at an unfavorable time
Explanation: A is the definition: investor outflows forcing asset sales. B is call risk. C is leverage risk. D unrelated.
Question 147
Risk parity portfolios allocate:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Equal risk contribution to each asset or factor
Explanation: B is the definition: equalizing risk contributions. A is equal‑weighting. C is tangency portfolio logic. D is minimum‑variance optimization.
Question 148
A scenario limit is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A maximum acceptable loss under a defined stress scenario
Explanation: B is the definition: maximum loss allowed under a specific scenario. A, C, D unrelated.
Question 149
Stress testing evaluates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Portfolio performance under extreme but plausible market conditions
Explanation: A is the definition: extreme, adverse, plausible shocks. B is sensitivity analysis. C is Monte Carlo. D is historical simulation.
Question 150
In portfolio management, risk capacity is best described as: LOS: Explain the concept of risk capacity and its role in determining risk tolerance.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The investor’s financial ability to withstand losses without compromising objectives
Explanation: Risk capacity is the financial dimension of risk tolerance—how much risk the investor can afford to take given wealth, income stability, time horizon, and required spending. It is distinct from risk willingness (A). Options C and D are related to risk measurement but do not define risk capacity.
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