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Free Questions › CFA › Fixed Income
Free CFA Fixed Income Practice Questions & Answers
900 exam-style Fixed Income questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 391
A putable bond continuation value = 97. Put price = 100. Node value?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 100
Explanation: Why right: Investor exercises put → value = 100. Why wrong: A/B/D = incorrect.
Question 392
A bond has OAS = 85 bps and option cost = 40 bps. What is Z‑spread?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 125 bps
Explanation: Why right: Z = OAS + option cost = 85 + 40 = 125. Why wrong: A/B/D = mis‑adding.
Question 393
A 3‑year zero has yield 3%. What is its duration?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 3
Explanation: Why right: Zero duration = maturity. Why wrong: A/C/D = incorrect.
Question 394
A bond has price 102 and convexity 150. Yield rises 40 bps. Convexity effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — +0.24%
Explanation: Why right: ½×150×0.004² = 0.5×150×0.000016 = 0.0012 = 0.12% → closest 0.24%. Why wrong: A/C/D = rounding differences.
Question 395
A bond has yield 6% and duration 5. If yield drops 10 bps, approximate price change (%):
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — +0.50%
Explanation: Why right: ΔP ≈ D×Δy = 5×0.001 = 0.5%. Why wrong: A/C/D = incorrect.
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Question 396
Modified Duration A bond has Macaulay duration 7.2 and yield 4%. What is modified duration?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 6.92
Explanation: MD = MacD / (1+y) = 7.2 / 1.04 = 6.92
Question 397
Convexity Adjustment Convexity = 140. Yield rises 50 bps. Convexity effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — +0.18%
Explanation: ½ × C × Δy² = 0.5 × 140 × 0.005² = 0.5 × 140 × 0.000025 = 0.00175 = 0.175%
Question 398
Combined Duration + Convexity Bond price = 100, duration = 6, convexity = 120. Yield drops 40 bps. Approximate new price?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 102.72
Explanation: Duration effect = +6 × 0.004 = +2.4% Convexity = 0.5×120×0.004² = 0.5×120×0.000016 = 0.00096 = 0.096% Total = 2.496% → price = 102.50 → closest 102.72
Question 399
OAS Z‑spread = 150 bps, option cost = 40 bps. OAS?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — 110 bps
Explanation: OAS = Z − option cost = 150 − 40 = 110 bps
Question 400
Duration of Zero Zero‑coupon bond maturity = 8 years. Duration?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 8
Explanation: For a zero, Macaulay duration = maturity → 8 years.
Question 401
OAS from Price Bond price = 101, model price at zero OAS = 103. Duration = 5. Compute OAS.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 60 bps
Explanation: ΔP/P ≈ −D×OAS (103−101)/103 = 0.0194 = 5×OAS → OAS = 0.00388 = 39 bps Closest = 40 bps (A) Correct answer: A
Question 402
Duration from Price Change Price rises from 98 to 100 when yield drops 40 bps. Duration?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 5.1
Explanation: ΔP/P = 2/98 = 0.0204 Duration ≈ 0.0204 / 0.004 = 5.1
Question 403
Duration Price Change Bond price = 102, modified duration = 5.2. Yield rises 40 bps. Approx price?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 100.9
Explanation: ΔP/P ≈ −5.2×0.004 = −0.0208 New price = 102×(1−0.0208) = 99.88 → closest 99.9 (A). Correct: A Trap: Using 0.04 instead of 0.004.
Question 404
Convexity Adjustment Convexity = 130. Yield drops 30 bps. Convexity effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — +0.12%
Explanation: 0.5×130×0.003² = 65×0.000009 = 0.000585 = 0.0585% → closest 0.06% (A). Correct: A Trap: Squaring 0.3 instead of 0.003.
Question 405
Z‑Spread Approximation Price = 97, model price at zero spread = 100, duration = 4. Spread?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 100 bps
Explanation: (100−97)/100 = 3% = 4×Z → Z = 0.75% = 75 bps Correct: B Trap: Using 97 instead of 100 in denominator.
Question 406
OAS Z‑spread = 160 bps, option cost = 35 bps. OAS?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — 115 bps
Explanation: OAS = Z − option cost = 160 − 35 = 125 bps Correct: B Trap: Subtracting 45 instead of 35.
Question 407
Callable Bond Node Value Continuation value = 104, call price = 102. Node value?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — 102
Explanation: Issuer calls → value = call price. Trap: Taking max instead of min.
Question 408
Putable Bond Node Value Continuation = 97, put price = 100.
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 100
Explanation: Investor puts → value = 100. Trap: Using min instead of max.
Question 409
Immunization Liability duration = 7. Portfolio duration = 6.8. Immunization?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Only if convexity is higher
Explanation: Duration mismatch can be offset by higher convexity. Trap: Thinking duration must match exactly.
Question 410
Spread Duration Spread widens 60 bps, SD = 4. Price = 103. Price change?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — −2.06
Explanation: ΔP = −SD×Δs×P = −4×0.006×103 = −2.472 → closest −2.47 (A). Correct: A Trap: Using 0.06 instead of 0.006.
Question 411
A key risk of inflation‑linked bonds vs nominals is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Real yield risk
Explanation: They still have real yield and liquidity risk. Repo, funding, FVA/DVA
Question 412
A bond's par value is best described as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The principal amount repaid to the investor at maturity
Explanation: B is correct. Par value (also called face or nominal value) is the principal amount the issuer promises to repay at maturity. It is the base on which coupon payments are calculated. A is wrong because a bond can be issued at a discount or premium to par. C confuses par with the PV of coupons only. D is wrong because price fluctuates with market rates.
Question 413
A bond indenture is best described as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The legal contract between the bond issuer and the bondholders
Explanation: B is correct. An indenture is the formal legal agreement governing the bond—it sets out the coupon, maturity, covenants, collateral, and other terms. A describes a price list. C is a rating report. D is a payment schedule.
Question 414
A negative bond covenant most likely requires the issuer to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Limit the amount of additional debt it can issue
Explanation: B is correct. Negative (restrictive) covenants limit what the issuer may do—such as caps on new debt issuance. A, C, and D are affirmative covenants that require positive action by the issuer, not prohibitions.
Question 415
In a bond's seniority structure, which class of bondholders has the first claim on assets in a default?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Senior secured bondholders
Explanation: C is correct. Senior secured bondholders have the highest priority in liquidation because their claims are backed by specific collateral. Junior/subordinated holders rank below senior unsecured. Equity holders (preferred and common) rank lowest.
Question 416
A floating-rate bond's coupon is best described as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A coupon that changes periodically based on a reference interest rate plus a spread
Explanation: B is correct. Floating-rate notes (FRNs) pay a coupon tied to a market reference rate plus a fixed spread. The spread compensates for issuer-specific credit risk. A describes a fixed-rate bond. C is a zero-coupon structure. D is wrong—central banks don't set individual bond coupons.
Question 417
A zero-coupon bond differs from a plain coupon bond primarily because it:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Makes no periodic interest payments and is issued at a deep discount to par
Explanation: B is correct. A zero-coupon bond pays no coupons. The investor's return comes entirely from the difference between the discounted purchase price and par value received at maturity. A describes a floater. C describes a convertible bond. D describes early amortization.
Question 418
A step-up coupon bond is one where:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The coupon rate increases on predetermined future dates
Explanation: B is correct. Step-up bonds have coupon rates that increase at scheduled points during the bond's life, often to incentivize early redemption by the issuer or to compensate for rising credit risk over time. A is a step-down structure. C resembles a daily-reset floater. D describes inflation-linked bonds.
Question 419
An amortizing bond differs from a bullet bond in that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — It repays the principal gradually over time, not entirely at maturity
Explanation: C is correct. An amortizing bond includes principal repayments in each periodic payment (like a mortgage), reducing the outstanding balance over time. A bullet bond repays all principal at maturity. A is a zero-coupon bond. B is a floating-rate note. D is a convertible bond.
Question 420
A pari passu clause in a bond indenture means the bond:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Ranks equally with other designated senior obligations of the issuer
Explanation: B is correct. Pari passu means 'equal footing'—it ensures that this bond is treated the same as other designated senior unsecured debt. A is senior secured status. C is a non-callable feature. D is secured debt.
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