Free CFA Financial Statement Analysis Practice Questions & Answers
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Question 781
Under IFRS, the recoverable amount of an asset is defined as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — The higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use
Explanation: Why C is correct: IFRS defines recoverable amount as the higher of these two measures. Why others are wrong: A and B are incomplete. D is incorrect.
Question 782
Under US GAAP, the first step in impairment testing for long-lived assets is to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Compare carrying amount to undiscounted cash flows
Explanation: Why B is correct: GAAP uses undiscounted cash flows to assess recoverability. Why others are wrong: A is IFRS. C is irrelevant. D is prohibited.
Question 783
Under US GAAP, impairment losses for assets held for use:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Cannot be reversed
Explanation: Why B is correct: GAAP prohibits reversing impairments for assets held for use. Why others are wrong: A, C, and D contradict GAAP.
Question 784
A gain or loss on the sale of a long-lived asset equals:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Sales proceeds minus carrying amount
Explanation: Why B is correct: Gain/loss = proceeds – carrying amount. Why others are wrong: A is incorrect. C describes net book value. D is irrelevant.
Question 785
Estimated total useful life of an asset can be computed as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Age plus estimated remaining life
Explanation: Why B is correct: Useful life = time elapsed + remaining life. Why others are wrong: A is unrelated. C is incorrect. D is meaningless.
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Estimated age of equipment can be approximated by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Accumulated depreciation ÷ annual depreciation
Explanation: Why B is correct: Accumulated depreciation divided by annual depreciation approximates age. Why others are wrong: A estimates remaining life. C is irrelevant. D is a ratio, not age.
Question 787
Under IFRS, at lease commencement the lessee records:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A right-of-use asset and a lease liability
Explanation: Why B is correct: IFRS requires capitalization of both the ROU asset and lease liability. Why others are wrong: A applies to short-term leases only. C and D are incomplete.
Question 788
The lease liability is subsequently reduced by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Principal portion of lease payments
Explanation: Why B is correct: Lease payments reduce the liability only through principal repayment. Why others are wrong: A and D reduce the ROU asset. C increases the liability before payment.
Question 789
Under IFRS, interest expense on a lease liability is calculated using:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The effective interest method
Explanation: Why B is correct: IFRS requires the effective interest method for lease liabilities. Why others are wrong: A, C, and D are not used for lease liabilities.
Question 790
Under IFRS, amortization of the ROU asset is typically:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Straight-line over the lease term
Explanation: Why B is correct: ROU assets are usually amortized on a straight-line basis. Why others are wrong: A is not the basis. C is incorrect. D contradicts IFRS.
Question 791
Under IFRS, the principal portion of a lease payment appears in:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Financing cash flows
Explanation: Why C is correct: Principal repayment is a financing outflow. Why others are wrong: A may include interest, not principal. B is incorrect. D is incomplete.
Question 792
Under IFRS, interest on lease payments may appear in:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Either operating or financing cash flows
Explanation: Why C is correct: IFRS allows classification flexibility for interest paid. Why others are wrong: A and B are too restrictive. D is not permitted.
Question 793
Under US GAAP, operating leases for lessees report:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A single lease expense on the income statement
Explanation: Why B is correct: GAAP combines interest and amortization into one operating lease expense. Why others are wrong: A applies to finance leases. C is incorrect. D is incomplete.
Question 794
Under US GAAP, operating lease payments appear as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Operating cash outflows
Explanation: Why A is correct: GAAP classifies all operating lease payments as operating outflows. Why others are wrong: B applies to finance lease principal. C is incorrect. D is incomplete.
Question 795
A key advantage of leasing for lessees is that it:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Provides asset use without upfront purchase
Explanation: Why B is correct: Leasing allows access to assets without buying them outright. Why others are wrong: A is false; leases create liabilities. C is not guaranteed. D is incorrect; ROU assets are amortized.
Question 796
Salary expense is recognized when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The employee earns the compensation
Explanation: Why B is correct: Compensation is expensed when earned, regardless of payment timing. Why others are wrong: A is cash-basis accounting. C does not trigger expense. D is irrelevant.
Question 797
Short-term bonuses are typically:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Expensed when earned
Explanation: Why B is correct: Bonuses vest quickly and are expensed when earned. Why others are wrong: A is incorrect under accrual accounting. C and D are not applicable.
Question 798
Deferred compensation is more complex to account for because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — It depends on future events and estimates
Explanation: Why B is correct: Deferred compensation often depends on future salaries, stock prices, or service periods. Why others are wrong: A is false. C is incorrect. D contradicts the definition.
Question 799
Under US GAAP, pension expense includes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Service cost, interest cost, and expected return on assets
Explanation: Why B is correct: These three components are recognized in profit and loss. Why others are wrong: A and C are incomplete. D is recognized in OCI, not immediately in expense.
Question 800
Past service costs under US GAAP are initially recognized in:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Other comprehensive income
Explanation: Why B is correct: Past service costs go to OCI and are amortized into expense later. Why others are wrong: A is incorrect. C is not used. D is irrelevant.
Question 801
Actuarial gains and losses under US GAAP are typically:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Recognized in OCI and amortized over time
Explanation: Why B is correct: GAAP allows smoothing through OCI and amortization. Why others are wrong: A is optional but not typical. C and D are incorrect.
Question 802
Stock option compensation expense is measured on:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The grant date
Explanation: Why B is correct: If option terms are known, expense is measured at grant date fair value. Why others are wrong: A, C, and D do not determine measurement.
Question 803
If stock options vest immediately, compensation expense is recognized:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — On the grant date
Explanation: Why B is correct: Immediate vesting means the service period is complete at grant. Why others are wrong: A applies when vesting is delayed. C and D are irrelevant.
Question 804
If stock options require a service period before vesting, expense is recognized:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Over the service period
Explanation: Why B is correct: Expense is allocated over the vesting/service period. Why others are wrong: A and C are incorrect. D is incomplete.
Question 805
A performance-based stock award is expensed:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Over the estimated service period
Explanation: Why B is correct: Expense is recognized over the period employees are expected to earn the award. Why others are wrong: A is incorrect; expense is recognized if achievement is probable. C and D are incorrect.
Question 806
The exercise date of a stock option is when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — The employee converts the option into shares
Explanation: Why C is correct: Exercise occurs when the employee purchases shares using the option. Why others are wrong: A is the grant date. B is vesting. D is expiration.
Question 807
The expiration date of a stock option is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — The last date the option can be exercised
Explanation: Why C is correct: Expiration is the final opportunity to exercise the option. Why others are wrong: A and B are earlier events. D is unrelated.
Question 808
A lease that does not meet any finance-lease criteria is classified as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — An operating lease
Explanation: Why B is correct: All leases failing finance-lease criteria are operating leases. Why others are wrong: A contradicts the criteria. C and D are not classifications.
Question 809
Under IFRS, the ROU asset and lease liability diverge over time because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Amortization and principal repayment follow different patterns
Explanation: Why B is correct: Amortization is usually straight-line, while principal repayment follows the effective interest method. Why others are wrong: A is incorrect. C and D are incomplete.
Question 810
Accounting profit differs from taxable income because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Taxable income is determined by tax law, not accounting standards
Explanation: Why B is correct: Taxable income follows tax regulations, while accounting profit follows financial reporting standards. Why others are wrong: A is incorrect; accounting profit excludes tax expense. C is not necessarily true. D is false; taxable income includes allowable deductions.
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