Free CFA Financial Statement Analysis Practice Questions & Answers
900 exam-style Financial Statement Analysis questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
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Question 271
A negative cash conversion cycle usually means:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — The company pays suppliers long after collecting from customers
Explanation: A negative cash conversion cycle means the firm collects cash from customers before it pays suppliers, often due to long payment terms to suppliers and efficient collections. B: Payment timing is about after receiving inventory, not before. C, D: Not required; the cycle can be negative with receivables and inventory.
Question 272
In a model similar to the Beneish approach, a high “days sales receivable index” (receivables/sales rising) is often interpreted as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A possible sign of revenue manipulation
Explanation: A rising receivables-to-sales ratio can signal that revenue is being recognized too early or that collection risk is rising—both associated with potential manipulation. A: It’s the opposite of conservative. C: It doesn’t directly say growth is lower. D: Not related to leverage.
Question 273
Disclosures about financial instruments’ credit, liquidity, and market risk help an analyst:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Understand how sensitive the company is to shocks
Explanation: Risk disclosures show how exposed the company is to changes in interest rates, currencies, credit spreads, etc. A, C, D: These disclosures supplement, not replace, other analysis.
Question 274
For a bank, a high loan-to-deposit ratio (far above peers) most likely indicates:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The bank may be relying more on wholesale or less stable funding
Explanation: If loans greatly exceed deposits, the bank must fund the gap with other sources (e.g., wholesale markets), which can be less stable and increase liquidity risk. A: High ratio suggests the opposite. C, D: Liquidity and credit risks still exist.
Question 275
A company buys inventory from a foreign supplier on credit. The foreign currency strengthens before payment. What happens?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The company records a foreign exchange loss
Explanation: A stronger foreign currency makes the payable more expensive in the company’s home currency, creating a loss. A: Gain occurs only if the foreign currency weakens. C: FX impact occurs before sale. D: FX changes do not affect revenue.
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A foreign currency receivable becomes less valuable because the foreign currency weakens. This results in:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A foreign exchange loss
Explanation: A weaker foreign currency reduces the value of the receivable, creating a loss. A: Opposite effect. C: FX transaction gains/losses hit profit, not equity. D: FX changes must be recognized.
Question 277
A company acquires a new business and reports a sharp increase in intangible assets. What should an analyst examine?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Whether the acquisition price was reasonable
Explanation: Intangibles often arise from acquisition premiums; analysts must assess valuation. B, C, D: Not directly related to acquisition intangibles.
Question 278
A company’s net income is rising, but operating cash flow is flat. What is the most likely concern?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Earnings may rely on accruals
Explanation: Divergence between income and cash flow suggests accrual-driven earnings. A: Cash flow is not rising. C, D: Not necessarily implied.
Question 279
A bank with a very high loan‑to‑deposit ratio most likely faces:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher liquidity risk
Explanation: High loan‑to‑deposit ratios mean reliance on non‑deposit funding, which is less stable. A: Opposite. C, D: Risks still exist.
Question 280
Why do analysts adjust enterprise value for pension deficits?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Pension deficits represent future cash obligations
Explanation: Deficits are similar to debt and require future funding. B, C, D: Not related.
Question 281
Which situation suggests weak cash flow quality?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Net income consistently exceeds operating cash flow
Explanation: Income exceeding cash flow suggests heavy reliance on accruals. A: Indicates strong quality. C: Indicates consistency. D: Stability is not a red flag.
Question 282
A company capitalizes many costs that competitors expense. What is the likely effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Higher current profit
Explanation: Capitalizing delays expense recognition, boosting current profit. B: Opposite. C: Profit is affected. D: Cash flow is unchanged.
Question 283
A company’s working capital increases sharply. What is the likely cash flow effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Operating cash flow decreases
Explanation: More cash is tied up in receivables or inventory, reducing operating cash flow. A: Opposite. C: Working capital is not financing. D: There is an impact.
Question 284
Which is a sign of aggressive revenue recognition?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Receivables grow faster than revenue
Explanation: Receivables rising faster than sales suggests early revenue booking. A: Indicates conservative recognition. C, D: Not directly related.
Question 285
A company reports strong profit but negative operating cash flow. What is the most likely explanation?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Revenue recognized before cash collection
Explanation: Recognizing revenue early inflates profit without cash. A: Would increase cash flow. C: Contradicted by negative cash flow. D: Low working capital increases cash flow.
Explanation: Healthy companies generate cash from operations, invest in growth, and use financing sparingly. B, C, D: Suggest reliance on external funding.
Question 287
A company’s inventory turnover slows. What is the likely concern?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Inventory may be obsolete
Explanation: Slow turnover suggests difficulty selling goods. B: Opposite. C: Not implied. D: Slow turnover usually hurts cash flow.
Question 288
A company’s quick ratio is below 1.0. What does this indicate?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Weak short‑term liquidity
Explanation: Quick ratio below 1 means liquid assets cannot cover short‑term obligations. A: Opposite. C: Ratio would be undefined. D: Excess cash would raise the ratio.
Question 289
Which situation most strongly suggests aggressive earnings reporting?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Receivables grow faster than revenue
Explanation: Receivables rising faster than sales often means revenue is booked early. A: Conservative, not aggressive. C: Indicates efficiency. D: Not directly tied to revenue recognition.
Question 290
A company shifts normal operating expenses into a “special items” category. What is the likely effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Operating profit appears higher
Explanation: Moving expenses out of operating results inflates operating profit. B: Opposite. C: Cash flow unaffected. D: Revenue unchanged.
Question 291
A company frequently revises useful lives of assets upward. What is the likely effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Lower depreciation expense
Explanation: Longer useful lives reduce annual depreciation. A: Opposite. C: Depreciation is non‑cash. D: Not related.
Question 292
A company increases long‑term debt significantly. What is the most likely effect?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher financial risk
Explanation: More debt increases risk. A: Interest expense rises. C: Liquidity may worsen. D: Leverage increases.
Question 293
A company refinances short‑term debt with long‑term debt. What is the likely effect?
A company’s debt‑to‑assets ratio falls. What is the most likely reason?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: D — Debt decreased
Explanation: Lower ratio usually means less debt. A: Would raise the ratio. B: Would raise the ratio. C: Equity changes do not directly affect this ratio.
Question 295
A company’s current ratio rises sharply. What is the most likely cause?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Increase in inventory
Explanation: Inventory is a current asset, raising the ratio. B: Not part of current ratio. C: Would reduce the ratio. D: Non‑cash, not relevant.
Question 296
A company delays payments to suppliers. What happens to working capital?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Working capital decreases
Explanation: Higher payables reduce working capital. A: Opposite. C: Payables affect working capital. D: Not implied.
Question 297
A company’s quick ratio is high but current ratio is low. What does this suggest?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Low inventory
Explanation: Quick ratio excludes inventory; if quick > current, inventory must be small. A: Would lower quick ratio. C, D: Not implied.
Question 298
A company’s days sales outstanding (DSO) increases. What does this indicate?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Slower collections
Explanation: Higher DSO means customers take longer to pay. A: Opposite. C: Cash flow worsens. D: Receivables increase.
Question 299
A company’s inventory days fall while sales remain stable. What does this suggest?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Inventory is moving faster
Explanation: Lower inventory days = faster turnover. B: Opposite. C: Not implied. D: Faster turnover improves cash flow.
Question 300
A company’s cash conversion cycle becomes negative. What does this mean?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Company collects from customers before paying suppliers
Explanation: Negative cycle means the company receives cash before paying out cash. A: Opposite. C, D: Not implied.
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