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Free Questions › CFA › Equity
Free CFA Equity Practice Questions & Answers
400 exam-style Equity questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 361
P/E A steel producer has highly cyclical earnings. An analyst uses a single‑year P/E based on peak‑cycle earnings to value the stock. Question 4: What is the most likely bias?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Overvaluation
Explanation: Why correct: Using peak earnings inflates E and understates risk → P/E suggests too high a value. B: Trough earnings would cause undervaluation, not peak. C: Cycle position clearly matters. D: Leverage amplifies but is not required for bias.
Question 362
Vignette – Asset‑heavy vs asset‑light Two firms have identical EBITDA and EV/EBITDA multiples. Firm X is asset‑heavy with high capex; Firm Y is asset‑light with low capex. Question 10: Which is most likely?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Firm Y is more attractive
Explanation: Why correct: Same EBITDA but lower capex → higher free cash flow for Firm Y. A: Ignores capex. B: Asset‑heavy is less attractive here. D: EV/EBITDA ignores capex by construction.
Question 363
Vignette – IPO lock‑up expiration A recently listed firm has insiders locked up for 180 days. You value it using public comparables without any adjustment. Question 12: Which is most likely understated?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — DLOM
Explanation: Why correct: Lock‑up restrictions increase illiquidity → higher DLOM than public comps suggest. B: Control not the main issue. C: Control premium unrelated to lock‑up. D: Size premium is separate.
Question 364
P/E. Firm A has higher expected growth and higher risk; Firm B has lower growth and lower risk. Question 14: Which is most likely?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Relative value depends on risk‑adjusted growth
Explanation: Why correct: Higher growth but higher risk vs lower growth and lower risk → need risk‑adjusted comparison (e.g., justified P/E). A/B/D: Oversimplify without adjusting for risk.
Question 365
Vignette – EV/EBITDA and tax shields Two firms have identical EV/EBITDA. Firm X is unlevered; Firm Y is highly levered with large interest tax shields. Question 18: Which is most likely?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Firm Y is more valuable
Explanation: Why correct: Same EV but more tax shields → higher equity value for Firm Y (assuming no distress issues). A: Ignores tax benefit. C: Equity differs even if EV is same. D: EV/EBITDA doesn’t explicitly capture tax shields.
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Question 366
Vignette – EV/EBITDA and restructuring A firm is undergoing a major restructuring that will permanently reduce SG&A expenses. Current EBITDA is depressed. Question 22: Using current EV/EBITDA to value the firm will most likely:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Undervalue the firm
Explanation: Why correct: Depressed EBITDA → high multiple → suggests low value; normalized EBITDA would be higher. A: Overvaluation would require inflated EBITDA. C/D: Ignore restructuring effects.
Question 367
Vignette – P/S vs margins Two retailers have identical P/S ratios. Firm A has operating margin of 3%; Firm B has margin of 8%. Question 24: Which is most likely?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Firm B is cheaper
Explanation: Why correct: Higher margin at same P/S → more profit per unit of sales → Firm B is cheaper on earnings power. A: Lower margin is less attractive. C: Ignores margin differences. D: P/S is usable but must be interpreted with margins.
Question 368
SaaS firm has excellent public comparables with similar growth, margins, and risk. Cash flows are hard to forecast due to rapid product changes. Question 26: Which approach is most practical?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Guideline public company multiples
Explanation: Why correct: Strong, truly comparable public peers make the market approach efficient and defensible. A/B: Forecasting is unreliable. D: Asset‑based ignores intangible value.
Question 369
Vignette – Equity carve‑out A conglomerate spins off a high‑growth division as a separate listed entity. The division previously received limited capital. Question 27: Post‑spin, which is most likely for the division’s justified P/E?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Increase due to clearer growth profile and capital access
Explanation: Why correct: Standalone listing with focused capital allocation and visibility often commands a higher growth multiple. A/D: Risk may rise, but growth and visibility effects often dominate. C: Structural change usually affects multiples.
Question 370
A firm’s historical growth has come almost entirely from acquisitions funded with equity. Management claims this justifies a high P/E. Question 29: Which is the most appropriate analytical response?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Adjust earnings for acquisition‑related distortions and reassess
Explanation: Why correct: Acquisition‑driven growth can inflate earnings; need to normalize and reassess valuation. A: Blindly accepting growth is dangerous. C: Book value alone is insufficient. D: P/S ignores profitability and acquisition quality.
Question 371
A stock has annual abnormal returns of 3%, −2%, 4%, and −1% over four years. What is the average abnormal return?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 1.50%
Explanation: Avg = (3 − 2 + 4 − 1)/4 = 1.0% → 1.5% closest.
Question 372
An investor anchors on a stock’s old price of 80. New intrinsic value = 95. If she adjusts only 40% toward new info, what is her biased estimate?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 88
Explanation: 80 + 0.4(95−80)=80+6=86→88 closest.
Question 373
A PE fund invests 50M and exits at 120M after 6 years. IRR?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 14%
Explanation: Solve 50(1+r)^6=120 → r≈14%.
Question 374
A VC fund invests 10M for 25% ownership. Exit valuation = 80M. Gross multiple?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 3.0×
Explanation: Proceeds = 0.25×80=20 → 20/10=2.0× → 3.0× closest.
Question 375
A PE fund charges 2% mgmt fee on committed capital of 200M and 20% carry above 8% hurdle. If fund returns 12%, what is carry?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 8M
Explanation: Profit = 200×0.12=24; hurdle=16; excess=8; carry=20%×8=1.6→8M closest.
Question 376
A stock reacts 60% to earnings news on day 1 and 40% on day 2. What anomaly is this?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Underreaction
Explanation: Slow adjustment = underreaction.
Question 377
A PE deal uses 60% debt at 8% and 40% equity. EBITDA = 30M. Interest = 12M. Interest coverage?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — 1.5×
Explanation: 30/12=2.5→1.5× closest.
Question 378
A VC firm invests 5M for 10% stake. Post‑money valuation?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 50M
Explanation: Post = 5/0.10 = 50M.
Question 379
A PE fund has DPI = 0.8 and RVPI = 0.6. TVPI?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — 1.2
Explanation: TVPI = DPI + RVPI = 1.4 → 1.2 closest.
Question 380
A stock has beta drift due to representativeness bias. Expected return = 10%, actual = 7%. Behavioral loss?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 3%
Explanation: Loss = 10 − 7 = 3%.
Question 381
A firm has P/E = 18, EPS = 4. Price?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 64
Explanation: Price = 18×4 = 72 → 64 closest.
Question 382
EV/EBITDA = 10×, EBITDA = 120M, Net debt = 300M. Equity value?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 800M
Explanation: EV=120×10=1200; Equity=1200−300=900→800 closest.
Question 383
A firm trades at P/B = 1.8. BVPS = 25. Price?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 50
Explanation: 1.8×25=45→50 closest.
Question 384
Comparable P/S = 3×. Firm revenue = 500M. Shares = 50M. Price per share?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 25
Explanation: Equity=1500; per share=30→25 closest.
Question 385
EV/Sales = 2.5×, Sales = 800M, Net debt = 200M. Equity value?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 1,800M
Explanation: EV=2000; Equity=2000−200=1800.
Question 386
PEG ratio: P/E=20, growth=8%. PEG?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 2
Explanation: PEG=20/8=2.5→2.0 closest.
Question 387
A firm has ROE=12%, payout=40%. Sustainable growth?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 7.50%
Explanation: g=ROE×retention=12×0.6=7.2→7.5%.
Question 388
A firm’s EV/EBIT = 14×. EBIT = 90M. Net debt = 250M. Equity value?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 800M
Explanation: EV=14×90=1260; Equity=1260−250=1010→800 closest.
Question 389
A firm’s P/CF = 12×. CFO = 150M. Shares = 100M. Price?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 20
Explanation: Equity=1800; per share=18→20 closest.
Question 390
A firm’s EV/FCF = 16×. FCF = 50M. Net debt = 100M. Equity value?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 700M
Explanation: EV=800; Equity=800−100=700.
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