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Free Questions › CFA › Economics
Free CFA Economics Practice Questions & Answers
2,050 exam-style Economics questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 841
Exchange-rate targeting is more common in:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Smaller or developing economies
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Smaller economies often peg to stabilize inflation. Wrong: A, C, D: Not accurate.
Question 842
A risk of exchange-rate targeting is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Loss of independent monetary policy
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Pegging forces policy to follow the anchor currency. Wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 843
Contractionary monetary policy is used when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Inflation is rising
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Higher rates help slow inflation. Wrong: B, C, D: Not the trigger.
Question 844
Expansionary monetary policy is used when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The economy is slowing
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Lower rates stimulate demand during slowdowns. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the purpose.
Question 845
The FOMC meets approximately every:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Six weeks
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: The FOMC reviews the fed funds target roughly every six weeks. Wrong: A, C, D: Not accurate.
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Question 846
The fed funds target can be changed between meetings:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — If necessary
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Emergency adjustments are possible. Wrong: A, B, D: Incorrect.
Question 847
Higher policy rates increase the penalty for banks that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Run short of liquidity
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Shortages require borrowing at higher rates. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the penalty.
Question 848
Raising reserve requirements forces banks to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reduce lending
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Higher reserves reduce the money multiplier. Wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 849
Lower reserve requirements:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Increase money creation
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Lower reserves allow more lending. Wrong: A, C, D: Not accurate.
Question 850
The money multiplier is larger when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reserve requirements are low
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Lower reserve requirements allow banks to lend a greater share of deposits, increasing the multiplier. ✘ Why others wrong: A: High requirements reduce lending. C: Excess reserves reduce lending. D: Restricted lending lowers the multiplier.
Question 851
The discount rate in the United States refers to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The rate member banks pay when borrowing from the Federal Reserve
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: The discount rate is the Fed’s direct lending rate to member banks. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Consumer loan rates are unrelated. C: That is the federal funds rate. D: Treasury bill yields are market-determined.
Question 852
The federal funds rate is best described as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The overnight rate at which banks lend reserves to each other
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: It is the overnight interbank reserve lending rate targeted by the FOMC. ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Not interbank reserve rates.
Question 853
The FOMC influences the federal funds rate primarily through:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Open market operations
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Buying or selling government securities changes bank reserves and moves the fed funds rate. ✘ Why others wrong: A & B: Fiscal tools. D: Not the primary mechanism.
Question 854
Higher policy rates generally lead banks to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reduce lending
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Higher rates increase the cost of borrowing reserves, discouraging lending. ✘ Why others wrong: A & C: Opposite of typical behavior. D: Not realistic.
Question 855
Reserve requirements are rarely used in developed economies because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — They are disruptive to banks
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Sudden changes force banks to halt lending to rebuild reserves, making them disruptive. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Not inherently inflationary. C: They are effective but rarely used. D: They do not replace open market operations.
Question 856
A key limitation of monetary policy is that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Transmission channels may fail or weaken
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Transmission channels (rates, expectations, asset prices) may not work smoothly. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Transmission is not perfect. C & D: Not monetary functions.
Question 857
A breakdown in the transmission mechanism occurs when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Long-term rates move opposite to central bank intentions
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: If long-term rates fall after a rate hike, policy becomes ineffective. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Short-term rates usually follow policy. C & D: Not transmission issues.
Question 858
Long-term interest rates depend mainly on:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Expected future short-term rates
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Bond yields reflect expectations of future policy rates. ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Not primary determinants.
Question 859
If markets believe rates are already too high, a rate hike may:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Lower long-term rates
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Expectations of future rate cuts lower long-term yields. ✘ Why others wrong: A: Opposite. C & D: Not typical.
Question 860
Falling long-term rates after a rate hike may:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Stimulate borrowing
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Cheaper long-term borrowing encourages loans and spending. ✘ Why others wrong: B, C, D: Not accurate.
Question 861
Bond market “vigilantes” are investors who:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Push long-term yields up when inflation risk rises
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: They sell long bonds if they believe inflation is rising, raising yields. ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 862
Vigilantes may push long-term rates down when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — They expect tight policy to cause recession
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Expectations of slowdown increase demand for long-term bonds. ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Not the mechanism.
Question 863
A credible monetary authority reduces the need for:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Bond market vigilantes
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Credibility stabilizes expectations, reducing vigilante reactions. Wrong: A, C, D: Not directly related.
Question 864
A liquidity trap occurs when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Money demand becomes infinitely elastic
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: In a liquidity trap, people hold unlimited money at the same rate. Wrong: B, C, D: Not definitions.
Question 865
In a liquidity trap, monetary policy becomes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Completely ineffective
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Extra money does not lower rates or stimulate activity. Wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 866
Liquidity traps are associated with:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Deflation
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Deflation encourages hoarding money, creating liquidity traps. Wrong: A, C, D: Opposite conditions.
Question 867
Deflation is defined as:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A persistent fall in the general price level
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Deflation is a sustained decline in prices. Wrong: A, C, D: Not definitions.
Question 868
Deflation is difficult for monetary policy because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Nominal rates cannot fall far below zero
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Zero lower bound limits rate cuts. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the main issue.
Question 869
Deflation increases the real value of:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Debt
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Falling prices increase the real burden of fixed nominal debt. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the primary effect.
Question 870
Deflation may cause consumers to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Delay consumption
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Falling prices encourage postponing purchases. Wrong: A, C, D: Opposite.
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