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Free Questions › CFA › Economics
Free CFA Economics Practice Questions & Answers
2,050 exam-style Economics questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 811
A stronger currency tends to reduce inflation because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Imports become cheaper
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Cheaper imports reduce price pressures. Wrong: A, C, D: Not mechanisms.
Question 812
The transmission mechanism works through:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Interest rates, asset prices, exchange rates, expectations
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: These are the four main channels. Wrong: A, C, D: Too narrow.
Question 813
Operational independence means a central bank:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Controls interest rates but not inflation targets
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Operational independence = freedom to set rates. Wrong: A, C, D: Not definitions.
Question 814
Target independence means a central bank:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Sets the inflation target itself
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Target independence = freedom to define inflation goals. Wrong: B, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 815
The ECB is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Both operationally and target independent
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: The ECB sets both its target and its policy tools. Wrong: A, C, D: Not accurate.
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Question 816
Central banks like the UK and New Zealand are:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Only operationally independent
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Their inflation targets are set by government. Wrong: A, C, D: Not correct.
Question 817
Credibility is crucial because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — It anchors inflation expectations
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Expectations influence wage-setting and price-setting. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the main reason.
Question 818
Inflation expectations can become self-fulfilling because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — They affect wage claims and contracts
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Expected inflation influences wage demands, raising actual inflation. Wrong: B, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 819
A rapid rise in inflation expectations may occur after:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — A surge in oil prices
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Higher energy costs often raise inflation expectations. Wrong: A, C, D: Opposite or unrelated.
Question 820
Transparency helps central banks by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Building credibility
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Clear communication strengthens trust and expectations. Wrong: A, C, D: Not true.
Question 821
Inflation reports typically include:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Broad money and credit conditions
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Money and credit are key indicators for monetary policy. Wrong: A, C, D: Not central components.
Question 822
Inflation reports also include:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Financial market conditions
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Financial conditions affect monetary transmission. Wrong: B, C, D: Not relevant.
Question 823
Inflation reports include forecasts for:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Growth and inflation
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Central banks project medium-term inflation and growth. Wrong: A, C, D: Not the focus.
Question 824
Exchange-rate targeting involves:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Fixing the currency to a major foreign currency
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: The central bank maintains a fixed exchange rate or band. Wrong: B, C, D: Not definitions.
Question 825
Exchange-rate targeting requires the central bank to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Buy and sell its currency in FX markets
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Intervention maintains the target exchange rate. Wrong: B, C, D: Not mechanisms.
Question 826
A country may target its exchange rate to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Import inflation from a stable economy
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Pegging to a low-inflation currency helps stabilize domestic inflation. Wrong: B, C, D: Not correct.
Question 827
Contractionary monetary policy involves:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Raising interest rates
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Higher rates reduce liquidity and slow the economy. Wrong: A, C, D: Expansionary or fiscal.
Question 828
Expansionary monetary policy involves:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Lowering interest rates
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Lower rates increase liquidity and stimulate demand. Wrong: A, C, D: Opposite or fiscal.
Question 829
Whether policy is contractionary or expansionary depends on:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — The neutral rate
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Rates above neutral are contractionary; below are expansionary. Wrong: B, C, D: Not the criterion.
Question 830
The neutral rate is the rate that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Neither stimulates nor slows the economy
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: It is the equilibrium interest rate. Wrong: A, C, D: Not definitions.
Question 831
The neutral rate consists of:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Real trend growth and long-run expected inflation
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: These two components determine the long-run equilibrium rate. Wrong: A, C, D: Not components.
Question 832
Economists disagree on the neutral rate because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — It is difficult to estimate precisely
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Neutral rate estimation is uncertain and model-dependent. Wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 833
If policy rates are below the neutral rate, monetary policy is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Expansionary
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Below-neutral rates stimulate the economy. Wrong: A, C, D: Not correct.
Question 834
If policy rates are above the neutral rate, monetary policy is:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Contractionary
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Above-neutral rates slow the economy. Wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 835
Money neutrality means that in the long run:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Money does not affect real variables
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Long-run neutrality implies real output is unaffected by money. Wrong: A, C, D: Not true in long run.
Question 836
Central banks believe money is not neutral in the short run because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Interest rates affect real spending
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Rate changes influence borrowing, investment, and consumption. Wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 837
Higher policy rates reduce net external demand by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Strengthening the currency
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Stronger currency reduces export competitiveness. Wrong: A, C, D: Not mechanisms.
Question 838
A stronger currency tends to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Reduce exports
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Domestic goods become more expensive abroad. Wrong: A, C, D: Opposite.
Question 839
Expectations matter because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — They influence wage-setting and price-setting
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Expectations shape future inflation outcomes. Wrong: B, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 840
Transparency helps central banks by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Improving communication and anchoring expectations
Explanation: ✔ Why correct: Clear communication strengthens trust and policy effectiveness. Wrong: A, C, D: Not true.
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