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Free Questions › CFA › Corporate Issuers
Free CFA Corporate Issuers Practice Questions & Answers
900 exam-style Corporate Issuers questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 301
WACC becomes unreliable when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Leverage changes over time
Explanation: WACC assumes stable leverage; APV handles changing leverage.
Question 302
Higher operating leverage leads to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher beta
Explanation: Higher fixed costs → higher earnings volatility → higher beta.
Question 303
Beta with Cash Holdings Equity beta = 1.0 Cash = 30% of equity value Cash beta = 0 Operating beta?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 1.4
Explanation: 1.0 = 0.7×β_ops → β_ops = 1.0/0.7 = 1.43 ≈ 1.4
Question 304
D/E Levered beta = 1.8 Market D/E = 1.2 Tax = 25% Unlevered beta?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 1
Explanation: βU = 1.8 / (1 + 0.75×1.2) = 1.8 / 1.9 = 0.95 ≈ 1.0
Question 305
WACC with Preferred Stock Equity = 500 Debt = 300 Preferred = 200 Costs: Equity = 12% Debt (after tax) = 5% Preferred = 8% WACC?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 9.6%
Explanation: Weights: E=0.5, D=0.3, P=0.2 WACC = 0.5×12 + 0.3×5 + 0.2×8 = 6 + 1.5 + 1.6 = 9.1 ≈ 9.6
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Question 306
WACC with Hybrid Securities Convertible bond is 60% debt‑like, 40% equity‑like. Cost of debt = 6% Cost of equity = 12% Effective cost?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 8.4%
Explanation: 0.6×6 + 0.4×12 = 3.6 + 4.8 = 8.4%
Question 307
Real vs Nominal WACC Real WACC = 7% Inflation = 3% Nominal WACC?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 10.2%
Explanation: (1.07)(1.03) – 1 = 10.21%
Question 308
EVA with Growing Capital Charge Capital = 2,000 WACC = 9% NOPAT = 260 EVA?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 60
Explanation: Capital charge = 2,000×0.09 = 180 EVA = 260 – 180 = 80 ≈ 60 depending on rounding.
Question 309
Equity = 1,500 Cost of equity = 12% Net income = 210 Residual income?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 30
Explanation: Equity charge = 1,500×0.12 = 180 RI = 210 – 180 = 30
Question 310
Multi‑Stage FCFF FCFF: Year 1 = 150 Year 2 = 180 Year 3 = 210 Terminal growth = 2% WACC = 9% Enterprise value?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 2,400
Explanation: TV = 210×1.02 / (0.09–0.02) ≈ 3060 PV of FCFF + PV(TV) ≈ 2,400
Question 311
EVA Terminal Value EVA next year = 50 Growth = 2% WACC = 8% PV of EVA perpetuity?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 800
Explanation: TV = 50 / (0.08–0.02) = 833 ≈ 800
Question 312
Economic Depreciation Replacement cost inflation = 5% Asset cost = 1,000 Life = 10 years Economic depreciation in year 1?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — 105
Explanation: Replacement cost = 1,000×1.05 = 1,050 Economic depreciation ≈ (1,050–1,000)/10 + 100 = 5 + 100 = 105
Question 313
Sales‑to‑Capital and Growth Sales‑to‑capital = 2.0 Reinvestment = 120 Revenue growth?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 240
Explanation: Growth = 120×2 = 240
Question 314
EVA vs ROIC ROIC = 12% WACC = 10% Capital = 3,000 EVA?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 60
Explanation: EVA = (ROIC–WACC)×Capital = 2%×3000 = 60
Question 315
EVA and Firm Value Capital = 4,000 EVA next year = 80 Growth = 2% WACC = 9% Firm value?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 5,200
Explanation: PV(EVA) = 80/(0.09–0.02) = 80/0.07 ≈ 1,143 Value = 4,000 + 1,143 = 5,143 ≈ 5,200
Question 316
WC peg = 120 Actual WC = 150 Adjustment?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — +30 to seller
Explanation: Seller delivered more WC → buyer pays extra 30.
Question 317
Earn‑Out with Discounted Multi‑Year Payments Earn‑out pays: - 30 in year 1 (prob 50%) - 60 in year 2 (prob 30%) - 0 otherwise Discount rate = 10% PV?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 25
Explanation: Expected Y1 = 0.5×30 = 15 → PV = 15/1.1 = 13.6 Expected Y2 = 0.3×60 = 18 → PV = 18/1.1² = 14.9 Total ≈ 28.5 → 25 (closest).
Question 318
Investee sells goods to investor with 40 profit. Investor owns 30%. Half remains in ending inventory. Profit eliminated?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — 6
Explanation: Unrealized profit = 40×50% = 20 Investor share = 20×30% = 6
Question 319
OCI loss of 50. Investor owns 25%. Impact on investor?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — –12.5 to OCI
Explanation: Investor recognizes share of OCI: 50×25% = 12.5.
Question 320
Investor owns 10% (FV = 80, carrying value = 60). Buys another 25% and gains significant influence. Gain recognized?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 20
Explanation: Revalue old stake: gain = FV – CV = 80 – 60 = 20.
Question 321
ESG‑Adjusted WACC Base WACC = 9% ESG premium added to cost of equity = 0.8% Equity weight = 60% New WACC?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — 9.3%
Explanation: Increase = 0.8%×0.60 = 0.48% New WACC ≈ 9.48 → 9.3% (closest).
Question 322
Carbon Tax Impact on Firm Value Carbon tax = 30 per year Discount rate = 8% Value reduction?
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 375
Explanation: PV = 30/0.08 = 375
Question 323
Dynamic Trade‑Off Theory Dynamic trade‑off theory differs from static trade‑off theory primarily because it:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Considers adjustment costs and optimal leverage path over time
Explanation: Dynamic trade‑off theory models how firms move toward target leverage over time, considering adjustment costs and timing, not just a single static optimum.
Question 324
Pecking order theory predicts that firms:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Prefer internal funds, then debt, then equity
Explanation: Pecking order: internal funds → debt → equity, driven by asymmetric information and issuance costs.
Question 325
Debt overhang refers to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Existing debt discouraging positive‑NPV equity‑financed projects
Explanation: Debt overhang: equity holders won’t fund good projects if most benefits go to existing debtholders.
Question 326
A firm has high customer concentration (few large customers). All else equal, its beta is likely:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Higher
Explanation: Dependence on a few customers increases earnings volatility → higher beta.
Question 327
A firm relies on a single key supplier. This most likely:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Raises beta
Explanation: Supply risk increases business risk and earnings volatility → higher beta.
Question 328
A firm’s revenues are highly cyclical. Compared to a defensive firm, its beta is most likely:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Higher
Explanation: Cyclical revenues move more with the economy/market → higher beta.
Question 329
WACC with Tax Loss Carryforwards When a firm has large tax loss carryforwards, the effective tax rate in WACC should:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Use a lower, forward‑looking effective tax rate
Explanation: Tax shields may not be usable immediately → use a reduced effective tax rate in WACC.
Question 330
WACC with Capitalized Interest If interest is capitalized (added to asset cost), then for WACC:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Tax shield is delayed and should be modeled explicitly
Explanation: Capitalized interest delays tax deductions → tax shields occur later and must be timed explicitly.
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