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Free Questions › CFA › Economics
Free CFA Economics Practice Questions & Answers
2,050 exam-style Economics questions. Pick your answer, hit Check answer, and see the worked solution — free to start, no signup.
100% free · No login to startQuestion 1111
Leveraged accounts include:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Hedge funds and high-frequency traders
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Pension funds are real money accounts. C: Tourists are retail. D: Central banks are public sector participants.
Question 1112
Retail FX accounts have grown because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Electronic trading reduced barriers to entry
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: FX is not restricted. C & D: Individuals can trade FX widely.
Question 1113
Governments participate in FX markets primarily to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Conduct cross-border transactions and implement policy
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Governments do not speculate. C: Many hold large reserves. D: They do not replace private investors.
Question 1114
Central banks intervene in FX markets when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — They want to eliminate trade
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: No intervention needed when stable. C: Trade elimination is not a goal. D: FX markets operate continuously.
Question 1115
Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) differ from central banks because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — SWFs pursue investment objectives
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: B: Only central banks set policy. C: SWFs hold large foreign assets. D: SWFs actively trade FX.
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Question 1116
Tier-one FX banks dominate the sell side because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — They have global client bases and advanced trading systems
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: They invest heavily in technology. C: They trade many currencies. D: Quoting prices is a core function.
Question 1117
Spot, forward, and swap FX transactions differ because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Spot settles immediately; forwards settle later; swaps combine spot and forward
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: B & C: Settlement timing differs. D: All involve exchange rates.
Question 1118
The FX market is essential for global trade because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Currency exchange enables cross-border trade and capital flows
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Trade requires currency exchange. C: Corporations, banks, and governments also need FX. D: Exchange rates fluctuate constantly.
Question 1119
A currency code like “EUR” can refer to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Either the euro currency or the EUR/USD exchange rate depending on context
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Too narrow—codes also denote exchange rates. C: Not always an exchange rate. D: Codes do not represent economies.
Question 1120
In the quote USD/EUR = 1.1700, this means:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — 1 USD buys 1.1700 GBP
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Reverses base and price currencies.
Question 1121
If USD/EUR rises, this means:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — The euro is appreciating
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: B: Depreciation would require the rate to fall. C: USD is depreciating, not appreciating. D: Both cannot appreciate relative to each other.
Question 1122
Nominal exchange rates measure:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — The price of one currency in terms of another
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: These describe real exchange rates.
Question 1123
Real exchange rates adjust nominal rates for:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Relative price levels
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Not part of the real exchange rate formula.
Question 1124
PPP predicts that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Exchange rates equalize purchasing power across countries
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: B: Exchange rates fluctuate. C: Inflation is central to PPP. D: PPP is a long-run tendency, not exact equality.
Question 1125
PPP fails in practice mainly because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Trade barriers and non-tradable goods prevent equalization
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Many goods are not tradable. C: Inflation differs widely. D: Exchange rates adjust slowly.
Question 1126
The Big Mac Index illustrates that:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Prices of identical goods vary widely across countries
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A & C: PPP does not hold perfectly. D: Big Macs are not traded internationally.
Question 1127
A higher real exchange rate (domestic/foreign) implies:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Foreign goods are more expensive
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Would require a lower real rate. C: Purchasing power falls. D: Real exchange rate does not determine inflation.
Question 1128
A country’s trade balance must be offset by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Government spending
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: These do not directly offset trade balances.
Question 1129
A trade surplus implies:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — The country saves more than it invests
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: B: Describes a deficit. C: Borrowing occurs with deficits. D: Opposite of a surplus.
Question 1130
A trade deficit implies:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: D — The capital account is in deficit
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Surplus, not deficit. C: Opposite. D: Capital account must be in surplus.
Question 1131
Capital controls restrict:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — Tourism
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Trade controls restrict goods, not capital. C & D: Not related.
Question 1132
Free movement of capital is beneficial because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: C — It prevents foreign firms from entering
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Opposite of economic theory.
Question 1133
Foreign direct investment (FDI) benefits host countries by:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Bringing capital, skills, and management practices
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: FDI increases, not reduces, technology transfer. C: FDI may compete but does not eliminate all firms. D: Productivity usually rises.
Question 1134
The buy side of FX includes:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: A — Only hedge funds
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Too narrow.
Question 1135
Real money accounts are typically:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Restricted in leverage and derivatives
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Opposite. C & D: Not definitions.
Question 1136
Leveraged accounts include:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Hedge funds and high-frequency traders
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Real money accounts. C: Retail. D: Public sector.
Question 1137
Retail FX trading has grown because:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Electronic platforms lowered barriers
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A, C, D: Incorrect.
Question 1138
Governments participate in FX markets mainly to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Conduct cross-border operations and policy actions
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Governments do not speculate. C: They do not replace private investors. D: FX operations do not directly target inflation.
Question 1139
Central banks intervene in FX markets when:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Exchange rates deviate sharply from fundamentals
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: No intervention needed. C: Not a goal. D: FX markets operate continuously.
Question 1140
FX reserves are held primarily to:
Select an option first.
Correct answer: B — Support currency stability and meet external obligations
Explanation: ✘ Why others wrong: A: Reserves are not speculative. C & D: Not functions of reserves.
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